Synthesis Essay Curriculum By Design - 989 Words

Synthesis Paper 2 - Curriculum by Design Many educators now view the importance of a quality curriculum design as one of the key components which ensures students will receive a quality education. However, it was not until half way through the 20th century that curriculum development was even considered relevant to education. Ralph Tyler’s guide on curriculum development, though, created a shift in the thoughts of educators (Villate, 2015). But what defines a good curriculum design? And is there just one way to plan curriculum which will positively affect student performance? Educators must be willing to ask these questions and more when choosing curriculum and instruction for their students. Planning an effective curriculum is not an easy task because there is not one single formula for its design. However, most educators would agree that there are essential questions that can be asked to ensure the validity and quality of a design. Dillon feels as though these curriculum questions can be classified into three sections which are the nature, the elements, and the practice of curriculum (Dillon, 2009). From these three groups, planners can narrow the curriculum to focus on certain aspects including the ideas of who, what, where, why, and how the plan is constructed, as well as the resulting actions and thoughts of the plan. From these questions, planners and teachers can reflect on the answers to design a curriculum that is most effective for their studentShow MoreRelatedThis Assignment Is An Opportunity To Integrate The Models,1685 Words   |  7 Pagesintegrate the models, concepts and readings from the course with your own practice and personal development. There are two parts to this assignment: 1) Account for ways in which your individual reflection and dialogue with others, including your curriculum design group and the class as a whole, have helped to grow and develop as an adult educator. You should make reference to your original learning goal and discuss some of the skills you have developed throughout the course. You should begin by summarizingRead Morecomponents of curriculum3497 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿Key elements and relationships in curriculum Key elements within the curriculum and the relationships between them are shown in diagram 1 below. Staff and students are at the heart of curriculum. The relationships between them are shaped by the answers to key questions about assessment, content, learning interactions and the connections between those elements. In the diagram the top question in each pair is a design question for staff. The lower set of questions is commonly asked by studentsRead More2010 Secondary Education Curriculum in English6955 Words   |  28 PagesEducation Bureau of Secondary Education Curriculum Development Division Pasig City March 26, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS ii I. II. III. IV. V. Introduction Conceptual Framework in English Concept Matrix Performance Matrix Program and General Standards Three-Stage Curriculum Framework Annexes A. B. The Monitoring and Evaluation of the Implementation of the 2002 Secondary Education Curriculum: Findings and Recommendations Guide Questions for the Review of the Curriculum INTRODUCTION The Context As a matterRead MoreCurriculum Development- Let Review9921 Words   |  40 PagesMODULE 1 CURRICULUM: CONCEPTS,NATURE AND PURPOSES Curriculum from Different Points of View 1. Traditional Points of View of Curriculum* â€Å"It is a body of subjects or subject matter prepared by the teachers for the students to learn†, and is synonymous to course of study and syllabus. *According to Robert Hutchins, curriculum is permanent study which emphasizes rules of grammar, reading, rhetoric and logic and mathematics needed for basic education which gives importance to the 3RsRead MoreTeaching Gifted and Talented Students3950 Words   |  16 PagesModifying Regular Classroom Curriculum for Gifted and Talented Students Many educators have become well-versed in modifying the regular classroom curriculum to meet the needs of students with disabilities. Educators are not as experienced, however, in meeting the instructional needs of high-ability students. In a growing number of states, revisions in regulations pertaining to gifted and talented students are requiring that high-ability students, previously served in part-time pull-out programsRead MoreComputerized Enrollment System3409 Words   |  14 Pagesenrollment system for NPTC. To manifest the optimum benefits that the user would get once the new enrollment scheme is implemented.    To present the advantages of implementing Computerized Enrollment System, both for  school and students community.    To design an effective and efficient system in terms of speed, reliability and accuracy. Significance of the study This study will help the Faculty and Staffs of the Notes and Pencil Tutorial Center (NPTC), make enrollment easy by theRead MoreJamie Turner at Mli, Inc. Harvard Business Brief Case6420 Words   |  26 PagesTHOMAS MORE COLLEGE ACCELERATED DEGREE PROGRAM MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION MGT-MBA 611: MANAGEMENT, ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND DESIGN Participant Module MBA Cohort 72 Rob Harris Eddie Ostriecher August 2012 Thomas More College MGT 611 Course structure and grading policies Course Description The goal of this course is to introduce students to the MBA program through the study of various instrumental techniques and management concepts. Students will learn writing and research requirementsRead More Teaching Origins in 20th Century American Public Schools Essay6390 Words   |  26 Pagescrucial fields of science and technology. The Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS), a non-profit sponsored by the National Science Foundation, published a series of textbooks in the 1960s that marked a shift in norms and standards for science education. It taught science thematically, rather than dogmatically, and stressed evolution among the unifying principles of biology. The creationist resistance awoke. One new curriculum, called â€Å"Man: A Course of Study,† (MACOS) was particularly controversialRead MoreK-12 Grading System4769 Words   |  20 Pagesresearchers also provided similarities and differences between the present and past studies. Conceptual Literature The researchers reviewed different concepts and theories significant to the present study. This includes: Grading System, Rubrics, K-12 curriculum, Software Development and Database. Grading System. Grading System is the most commonly used in computing and analyzing the performance, talent and skills of students. Grading in education is the process of applying standardized measurementsRead MoreThe Values Of The Christian Tradition9036 Words   |  37 Pagesprogram will encompass all dimensions of the human being, which are in reality inseparable. Intellectual development focuses on the cognitive aspect of the human; cognitive development incorporates analysis, critical reflection, evaluation, and synthesis of knowledge of multiple disciplines. Social development focuses on the affective and behavioral aspects of the human. Therefore, social development incorporates the ability to interact and communicate with other humans with civility and tolerance

##ism, Imagery, And Symbolism In Cathedral By Raymond...

The short story â€Å"Cathedral† is written by Raymond Carver. It is being narrated by a man whose wife invited an old friend and person she used to work for to come visit due to his wife dying. The old friend is a blind man whose name is Robert. The author in the â€Å"Cathedral† uses symbolism, imagery, and irony to provide more meaning to the story. The narrator of the story has a stereotypical opinion on blind people while being blind to his own imperfections, but he is able to start seeing it more clearly through the blind man’s eyes. As the story goes on they are able to connect on another level and achieve their brotherhood as they sit and talk more in-depth and when the narrator began to draw the cathedral with his eyes closed†¦show more content†¦This object represents the relationship they formed along with compassion and understanding without having to physically see each other. Instead, it requires listening and emotions. At the beginning the narrators stereotypes caused him to be the total opposite of what the tapes had symbolized to his wife. His wife looked forward to the tapes but the narrator on the other hand became more jealous and could’ve cared less. In addition to the symbolism, the narrator’s observation is ironic because he thinks that because he has the ability to see he brings more happiness to his wife than Robert could to his. He thinks that Robert’s wife had to be pitiful while being married to him because he was not able to see her, tell her she’s beautiful, or see the love in her eyes. It shows how the narrator views relationships, because of this, the narrator doesn’t see that Robert was able to look past the physical appearance. He could genuinely feel the heart of another and connect to them instead of it being based on their appearance. Another Irony example is used when the narrator goes from being stereotypical about blind people while being blind to his own faults, to now being able to see more clearly through his own eyes by having the help from the blind man. Afterwards, the narrator is able to see more clearly and make the connection to the blind man. He also see that the stereot ypes that he originally had, not just

Satirical Elements in “Slaughterhouse-Five” Free Essays

Kurt Vonnegut uses a variety of elements including satire which he was credited with being a master of, in â€Å"Slaughterhouse-Five† where he tells the story of Billy Pilgrim. The book is loosely based on Vonnegut’s experiences during the firebombing of Dresden in World War II. The literary element in â€Å"Slaughterhouse-Five† that I will focus on is this paper is his element of satire. We will write a custom essay sample on Satirical Elements in â€Å"Slaughterhouse-Five† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even the plot of this novel can be found to have satire in it. This main character Billy Pilgrim becomes unstuck in time after being abducted by aliens from the planet Tralfamadore where he is mated with a porn star. I even found satire in that Billy Pilgrim, was a bumbling and unlikely hero character. The fictional alter ego Billy Pilgrim was born in 1922, which if you happen to know about Vonnegut’s life, he too was born in 1922. I find satire in his Vonnegut’s fictional author, Kilgore Trout. It is rumored that this â€Å"Kilgore† could have been anyone from author Theodore Sturgeon, science fiction author Philip K. Dick or even Vonnegut’s own alter ego. Readers could find satire in the circumstances of the death of character Edgar Derby. Edgar was among the survivors of the war of Dresden and was engaged in the clean-up activities. The imprisoned soldiers were instructed to use flame-throwers to burn the bodies and the ruins of the war left in Dresden. Derby then gets shot by a guard for simply taking a teapot from the ruins after Derby had survived the fire-bombing of Dresden during World War II. In one part of â€Å"Slaughterhouse-Five,† we find an inebriated Billy Pilgrim entering his car while desperately trying to locate the missing steering wheel to the car and the readers are then clued in that he has entered the back seat area of the car. In another part of â€Å"Slaughterhouse-Five† Billy Pilgrim becomes unstuck in time while watching television. We read as Billy then watches a war film backwards and then he watches it forwards. During the wedding night to his wife Valencia, he first travels from the zoo on Tralfamadore. Billy wakes up only to find himself in a German prison camp. Upon returning from the bathroom, he finds himself back with his wife. Billy goes to sleep again only to wake up on a train to his father’s funeral. The story used satire and dark humor somewhat interchangeably at points. A kind of ironic satire perhaps could be found when Billy’s American compatriot Roland continues to hit Billy because he feels Billy is moving too slowly. The German soldiers or â€Å"the enemies† then arrive and rescue Billy from further mistreatment from his American compatriot. Billy’s fear of being displayed naked in the zoo could be satire or associated with Billy (or Vonnegut) not yet feeling comfortable in revealing his personal thought processes at this time. He could have been aware enough that he realized he didn’t want to be exposed for who he really was at that point in his life or that point in his mind. One could count it political satire when Vonnegut includes bits denegrading U. S. foreign policy and the U. S. Army in general. Vonnegut also satires egocentricity. I suppose some of the satire can be seen in how Billy Pilgrim criticizes those who are not assertive, those who are not in control of their lives. However, throughout the novel, even when Billy knew the plane was going to crash he said nothing and did nothing. He just let the flow of events happen. At this point he still felt as if the moment is structured and one cannot alter the moment. It wasn’t until the end when Billy has brain surgery he changes from being indifferent towards life to being proactive. It wasn’t until the brain surgery that Billy showed initiative and actively helped others. One could see satire in that in his normal state without surgery Billy was a passive member of society. It wasn’t until brain surgery, the positive changes or proactive changes begin to occur in Billy’s life. How to cite Satirical Elements in â€Å"Slaughterhouse-Five†, Papers

Cults Essay Example For Students

Cults Essay A gun is a mechanical device that expels a projectile. In most cases the projectile is a gyroscopically stabilized bullet which can accurately travel a large distance. Most guns burn solid propellants to produce high-pressure gas, which drives the projectile through the barrel. Guns have been used for hundreds of years in the history of our world and nation. Although, gun control has been a major debating issue during the past few decades. On one side there are those who completely agree with the control laws and on the other there are those who oppose gun control laws. Gun control opponents provide many uses for a gun, such as the second amendment, self-defense, hunting, or target practice. The second amendment preserves the right to own a gun, which states, A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. One does not have to belong to a well-regulated militia in order to have the right to keep and bear arms. The militia clause is merely one, and not the only, rationale for preserving the right. The founders were expressing a preference for a militia over a standing army. Even if todays well-regulated militia is the National Guard, the Second Amendment still protects an individual right to keep and bear arms. There are approximately two million defensive gun uses per year by law-abiding citizens. That was one of the findings in a national survey conducted by Gary Kleck, a Florida State University criminologist in 1998. Kleck also analyzed data from the Department of Justice where he found victims that defended themselves with a gun against a robbery or an assault had the least chance of being injured, or of having the crime completed. Doing nothing, trying to escape, reasoning with the offender, or physical resistance, other than with a gun, all had higher probabilities of injury and crime completion. Using more recent data, Lawrence Southwick Jr. found that victims using guns were consistently less likely to lose cash or other property than other victims, and also establishing that this was true regardless of what weaponry was possessed or used by the offenders. Another study also found that burglaries in which victims resisted with guns were far less likely to be completed. Other uses for a gun may include hobbies like target practicing and hunting. There are many shooting ranges in our nation where hundreds of people go to everyday to learn how to use gun or simply for the experience. Also, hunting has been part of our history for years. Hunting was used to as a food source and now it has become a tradition for many people. On the other side of the debate are gun control advocates who provide many reasons for their stand. On July 19, 1999 California Governor Gray Davis signed two of the toughest gun laws in the country: the nations strongest ban on assault weapons and ammunition magazines and a measure to stop gun traffickers by limiting gun buyers to no more than one handgun per month. Davis, like other successful state candidates, campaigned extensively in support of responsible gun control laws during his 1998 bid for the governorship, after former Governor Pete Wilson vetoed several gun control bills. California voters elected solid gun control majorities in both houses of the legislature. Every day in America, 13 young people aged 19 and under are killed in gun homicides, suicides and unintentional shootings and many more are wounded. The scourge of gun violence frequently attacks the most helpless members of our society our children. Children can be their own worst enemy-especially when a gun is involved. Only 16 states have any sort of Child Access Prevention law. In most states there are no laws requiring proper storage of firearms. Loaded, unlocked guns present an irresistible temptation to curious children. .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586 , .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586 .postImageUrl , .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586 , .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586:hover , .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586:visited , .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586:active { border:0!important; } .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586:active , .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586 .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u62c63006d18e8f06efe9236e0bd37586:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Effects of Stress, Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, Gender, Coping St EssayGuns kept in the home for self-protection are 43 times more likely to kill a family member or friend than to kill in self-defense. The presence of a gun in the home triples the risk of homicide in the home. Three fifths of all U.S. suicides involve firearms. In 1997 alone, 35,957 Americans were killed with firearms, in homicides, suicides, and accidents. In comparison, 33,651 Americans were killed in the Korean War and 58,148 Americans were killed in the Vietnam War. According to Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1998, two in 25 high school students, that is 7.9 percent, reported having carried a gun in the last 30 days. A survey of 11th graders in the Seattle public schools during the winter of 1997-98 found six percent of males had carried a handgun to school; one-third of students reported easy access to handguns; and 6.4 percent reported owning handguns. One-third of handgun owners had fired at someone. In 1998, handguns were used to murder 2 people in New Zealand, 15 in Japan, 30 in Great Britain, 106 in Canada, 213 in Germany and 9,390 in the United States. Although, since there is a seemingly equal side to both sides of the gun control issue, gun control advocates and opponents are currently fighting for their belief.Gun control advocates find themselves at a crossroads. We can continue to push legislation of dubious effectiveness or we can acknowledge that gun violence is a public-health crisis fueled by an inherently dangerous consumer product. To end the crisis, we have to regulateor, in the case of handguns and assault weapons, completely banthe product. The myths attached to gun ownership stop many people from thinking of them as a consumer product. As a result, the standard risk analysis applied to other dangerous productspesticides, prescription drugs, or toastershas never been applied to firearms. Yet guns are manufactured by corporations with boards of directors, marketing plans, employees, and a bottom linejust like companies that manufacture toasters. What separates the gun industry from other manufacturers is lack of regula tion. In addition to the human toll, the economic costs of not regulating guns are staggering. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimated that the lifetime economic costhospitalization, rehabilitation, and lost wagesof firearm violence was $17.4 billion in 1995, making it the third most expensive injury category. The average lifetime cost per person for each firearm fatality $383,520was the highest of any injury. Such human and economic costs are not tolerated for any other product. Many consumer products from lawn darts to the Dalkon Shield have been banned in the United States, even though they claimed only a fraction of the lives guns do in a day. The firearms industry is long overdue for the simple, regulatory oversight applied to other consumer products. THE CURRE IS YOU! We all hold the cure to the gun violence epidemic in our own hands. And the cure is COMMON SENSE common sense in the responsible behavior that we demand of each other and common sense in the laws that we pass. Its not about taking everyones guns away, it is about steps we can all take together to end gun violence. If you are like most Americans, you probably already realize this. Eighty percent of Americans, including seventy percent of gun owners, support sensible gun control laws. Gun control then is simply about transforming this overwhelming support into meaningful action. Its about empowering each of us to make our voices heard and to make a difference. Its about creating a national outcry for common sense change. OK. You care about the gun violence issue, you support common sense solutions, but what can you do? The truth is, making a difference is far easier than most people think. Gun violence can be cured if each of us commit to some simple ideas: Educate yourself and your family about the facts of gun violence. Understand the risks associated with firearms. If you are a parent, talk to your children about the danger of guns and make sure they are never in a situation where they could come into contact with one. Before you let your children play at a friends house, make sure their parents dont have an unlocked gun in the home. If you are a gun owner, make sure it is always kept locked and inaccessible to anyone but yourself. The fact is that common sense legislation could help end the gun violence epidemic. There is legislation, for example, that would keep guns out of the hands of criminals and children. Although, believe it or not, some legislators oppose such laws because they receive financial support from the gun lobby. Your voice can help put a stop to this. Learn who your political representatives are and how they stand on common sense gun control. Call them! Write them! Tell them you will be voting based on this issue. For every letter or call a Congressperson receives, they assume 500 people feel the same way. Get involved with a gun control network organization in your area. You can participate in anything from organizing events, petitions a nd letter-writing campaigns to peer counseling and education programs. Another option is to bring your own group into the gun control network. For example through your PTA, youth club, religious organization or professional association, you can have a significant impact in your community and make a meaningful contribution to this cause. Always remember that Guns do not kill people. People kill people. Bibliography:

Tikanga Maori Essay Example

Tikanga Maori Paper (Tikanga Whakaaro, Barlow, C 1996) In all these examples, the word kaupapa is used to describe the type of work or functions to be carried out. Similarly, in the context of government departments, the word kaupapa applies to the setting of policy, for example: Social welfare policy: the policy contains the rules and guidelines, relating to the operations of the department. Maori school policy: this relates to the guidelines, rules, and conditions for setting up independent Maori schools at the primary level. Iwi transition authority policy: since 1989 Maori tribes and government officials have been engaged in a process of determining policy for iwi authorities which following the devolution of the Maori Affairs Department. The word kaupapa can be associated with almost any organization with reference to its policy and practices, particularly in relation to administration. (Tikanga Whakaaro, Barlow,C 1996) Te Toi Whakairo is the art of Maori carving, and Tohunga Whakairo was the great carvers the master craftsmen. A master carver was highly considered. We will write a custom essay sample on Tikanga Maori specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tikanga Maori specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tikanga Maori specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Maori believed that the gods created and communicated through the master carvers. Today, carving is an important Tikanga for Maori. Tapu and noa remain part of Maori culture today. Tapu goes to the heart of Maori religious thought and even though a majority of Maori are members of some Christian church or sect the notion of tapu holds. It is not really a matter of choosing one religion over another. Rather it has to do with integrating different philosophies and making an attempt at reconciling apparent contradictions. tapu is everywhere in our world. It is present in people, in places, in buildings, in things, word, and in all tikanga. tapu is inseparable from mana, from our identity as Maori and from our cultural practices. Maori respect tapu of places and buildings such as the ancestral meeting house. They also respect the tapu of persons including their own. These are ideals and values that Maori believe in but it has to be admitted that many of them no longer know about these values and often do not know what to do. However, tapu remains an important part of Maori actions and of their beliefs. Maori should not step over a sleeping person the reason has to do with the tapu of the person; one should not pass anything over the head of another, the head being the most tapu part of a person. A building is opened at dawn because it is tapu until the moment the builders, carvers and decorators are released from the tapu of creative work and the building is cleared ready for public use. The whole of the tangihanga ceremony cannot be explained unless the notion of tapu is clearly understood. tapu itself was the most powerful, the most important, and the most far reaching into Maori life. (http://www. history-nz. org) Noa is often paired with tapu indicting that often noa refers to restoring a balance. A high level of tapu is regarded as dangerous. Here the role of tikanga and of tohunga is reducing the level of endogenous tapu until it is noa or safe. It is not useful to think of noa as being the opposite of tapu or as absence of tapu. This is plainly not the case. For example a person can be very tapu if one is very ill of there is bleeding and shedding of blood. Once these tapu-increasing symptoms have passed the person returns to a safe state, but still has personal tapu . the state of noa indicates that a balance has been reached, a crisis is over, health is restored and life is normal again. This means relationships are restored. This state coincides with a state of ea and noa. This state might last for several weeks until upset by some unexpected event. (http://www. history-nz. org) Tapu and noa remain part of Maori culture today, although persons today are not subject to the same tapu as that of previous times. A new house today, for example, may have a noa ceremony to remove the tapu, in order to make the home safe before the family moves in. Nowadays, tapu absolutely are still in evidence concerning sickness, death, and burial. Tapu is evident in the Marae and in the Whare as well. The original reasons for some tapu are unclear today, but other reasons for tapu included the conservation of natural environment. This was seen to benefit the community as a whole. (http://www. history-nz. org) In conclusion, this report shows the values, beliefs and ethics that underpin traditional Maori society and make relevance of literature about kaupapa Maori and tikanga Maori, analysis relevant philosophical and culture term of traditional Maori society and culture. Bibliography http://www. history-nz. org New Zealand in History http://tikanga. maori. org. nz The world wide web of Maori Organizations of New Zealand http://tikanga. maori. org. nz/ The main Maori Site on the Net. Barlow,C(1996)Tikanga Whakaaro: Key concepts in Maori Culture, Oxford University Press, Auckland.

Marijuana- Yes or No essays

Marijuana- Yes or No essays Should the Nation Try to Smoke the Pain Away? Marijuana (a.k.a. pot, weed, Mary Jane, bud, ganja, grass, smoke, dank, green) Marijuana has many bad effects on the body. Although a user cannot become physically addicted to marijuana, he/she may become psychologically dependent on the drug. Also, a person driving under the influence of marijuana is a danger to themselves and others. Mental breakdown can also occur if weed is smoked like mad. Marijuana is also known as a gateway drug. It often leads to use of more dangerous drugs. Many people often abuse this drug. If marijuana were legalized, many people would take advantage of this, and use it excessively. Marijuana is a "gateway" drug. Even if legal, it would lead to the use of more dangerous drugs. When arrested for possession of marijuana, the possessor gets put into rehabilitation centers, which use our tax money! There are supposed legitimate reasons that marijuana should be legalized. One of these is lawful medical use of the drug. It is said that it can help cancer, AIDS, and glaucoma patients. However, no other drug prescribed is smoked. New findings show that marijuana is somewhat harmful to AIDS and cancer patients because the active ingredient in marijuana slightly reduces the bodies white blood cells which fight off infections. After many years of research of marijuana, there has been no hard proof that it can be used as a medicine. No scientific proof has been found! The Federal Government tries to stop the use of marijuana. Government agencies spend millions of dollars every year to try and get rid of marijuana. The amount of money they spend is increasing, however the use of marijuana is also. Their goal was to inflate prices so less people would purchase the drug, but the opposite has been happening. Although, fair cases can be fought that marijuana has a reason to be legal, it should stay illegal. Because of t ...

The Ethics of What We Eat Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Ethics of What We Eat - Assignment Example Obesity is caused by a died full of carbohydrates and salt laden junk food, high fat and processed meats like hot dogs and bacon and sweetened sodas full of High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS). Obesity brings about other chronic diseases such as stroke, type II diabetes and heart diseases. These epidemics have been on the rise and all of them are as a result of what we eat. The industrial manufactured products have also contributed to a decline in nutrients in food. The modern crops are grown for high yield, fast growth and ease of transport. These crops are often lower in nutrients which are important components of our diets than the conventionally grown crops. The modern crops have shown decrease in protein, potassium, iron, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, calcium, selenium, zinc among other essential macro and micro nutrients. Macro nutrients are consumed in large quantities for the body to function. They include fiber, protein, water, carbohydrates and fats (Clay 2004, 39). Micro nutrient s include vitamins, organic acids and minerals that our bodies require to function properly. Animal nutrients have also risen with the increased industrial farming. Higher yields in milk correspond to lower concentrations of fats, protein and other milk components. The low nutrients values have resulted in increased disease associated with nutrients intake and it has also resulted in the large intakes of supplement nutrients. The supplements are also very expensive which disadvantage those that cannot afford them. This shows that we are what we eat. In industrial agricultural production, the antibiotics that are used to treat animals are the same antibiotics that treat humans. Large quantities of antibiotics are administered to animals in order to promote growth and compensate for the crowded unhygienic conditions in the farms .The high use of antibiotics leads to development of antibiotic resistant bacteria which is found in soil, water and air around the industrial farms and also in the food products of the farms. This has lead to antibiotic resistant diseases. Antibiotic resistance is the process whereby bacteria resist treatment using speficic antibiotics (Singer & Mason, 2007, 61). Resistant bacterial infections are common and can be extremely dangerous. This shows us that with the increase in industrial produced products, there is a huge risk in getting resistant bacterial infections hence we are what we eat. In industrial farming, pesticides are extensively used to control pests especially in the production of vegetables, fruits and grains (Clay 2004, 41). Although it is a health concern for the products, pesticides are known to cause health problems which include cancer, neurologic and psychological problems among others in adults. In children pesticides has been found to cause damage to organs, delayed development, disruptions to the reproductive systems and cancer. Children are prone to the effects of pesticides because of their lower body mass and a re also the great consumers of the affected products. Cancer has been in the rise in the recent years due to the increase in use of pesticides this shows that we are what we eat. Industrial agriculture is increasingly using genetically modified organisms (GMOs). GMOs are created by introducing specific genes into different plant or animal, the genes can be created or from an existing organisms. The GMOs are important because they address problems that come along

General Electric's Allocation of Costs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

General Electric's Allocation of Costs - Essay Example General Electric and Cost Allocations At General Electric’s managers are very much concerned about the allocation of costs as these allocations are required for the proper delegation of resources and cost to the respective department. Manager at GE realize that the cost allocation to different divisions, plants, departments, contracts and/ or products will result in increased motivation for the organization, it will also justify costs of various expenditures as these would than be used by the auditors to audit and overlook all the managerial activities so that there are no issues arising at General Electric. Also, in order to justify cost plus pricing, General electric is involved in cost allocations and in strengthening the cost of the procedure. They are also involved in decision making with regards to joint costs, re allocation of costs from one department to another department as need arises. GE makes sure that the allocated costs are fair, workable, and rational and accor ding to the needs of what is required by all the departments. Allocating costs for the handling and managing of different activities have to be simplified in various ways, this simplification will ensure that the targets for the companies are achieved and that the targets achieved should give maximum profitability for the company. The products of General electrics include lights, bulbs etc all go through manufacturing process to the finished stage where it has to be marketed and sold in the market. So it is important that the manufacturing sector gets the required budget for the manufacturing through their raw materials, the proper supply chain processes and than the marketing should also get all the required budgets to handle proper marketing and selling for the company. The budget that is circulated in the company, managers can't surpass that and hence this is the only way through which employees can manage the way they negotiate in their dealings to conduct more cheaper and inexp ensive work. Departmental budgets and costs are a good way to keep the company and all department effective and informed about how they get their departments to work on these lines and hence they adapt themselves to work in a culture which motivates all the employees, justifies all the costs that are accrued and also it justifies the way they make their expenditures. All the departments' accrues costs, but the heaviest department is marketing, as all the marketing activities are very expensive and they are conducted on a large scale. The activities that are conducted on a large scale employs that bigger expenses would be done to meet the expectations of their competitors. Like if GE wants to make any advertisement, it will accrue cost, if they want to get some marketing done through sponsorships and other such related stuff than it is also expensive. So it's important to track all the activities and to see it's impact on sales. If sales are not improving than there's no point of all these heavy ativties and hence it is important to do all but keeping in track of the sales situation. As with inflation the cost of doing business is also increasing. The raw materials are expensive, the duty on these raw materials is also expensive and the way to procure them has also become very expensive. So at every stage proper analysis has to be done and controlled budgets have to be allocated with all the departments to keep a proper check and balance on these situations for

HR Competencies - Part II Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HR Competencies - Part II - Assignment Example With this experience of mine, I confident that any organization that chooses to develop competencies through leading change for employees will be better placed to also gain the second competence of knowledge acquisition of the business. But whiles doing this, an addition insight I would like to add is that it will be very important that leaders will do so with the use of democratic leadership style which allows the employees to learn directly from the leaders rather than leaving everything out to the employees (Ulrich, 2009). I would rightly agree with you on the point that competencies help in adding to an HR professional’s ability to be a strategic partner. This is because quote (year) stressed that when employees develop competencies, they are put in a better position to contribute effectively to the larger organization. Such contribution takes place as there are modalities such as cross-functional teams and shared responsibility used in the organization. By implication, as soon as the HR professional with competencies begin to contribute effectively to the larger organization as a means of helping it achieve its goals, it can be said that the HR professional has become a strategic partner. This is because instead of being useful to a single department within the organization, the employee becomes utilized for the larger organization. Having said this, I will advise that HR managers must put in efforts that ensure that there is an accommodating atmosphere for the employees to be strategic partn ers. One such means will be to use cross-functional teams and shared

mental disorder; DSM-IV

mental disorder; DSM-IV DSM-IV DSM-IV is a classification of mental disorders that was developed for use in clinical, educational, and research settings. What the DSM attempts to do is have specific criteria for specific disorders, but at the same time, not have the manual be used in a cookbook fashion. Meaning that the specific diagnostic criteria in the DSM are meant to serve as guidelines concurrently with clinical judgment. As we all know, each disorder included in the DSM has a set of diagnostic criteria that signify what symptoms must be present in order to meet the criteria for a diagnosis. Conversely, there are some disorders where there are symptoms that must not be present in order for an individual to be eligible for the diagnosis. A strong point of this particular set-up of the DSM manual makes finding the disorder and its diagnostic criteria easier because of its conciseness. The use of the DSM diagnostic criteria to diagnose has been shown to increase diagnostic reliability. As noted above, the DSM-IV is a manual that helps outline mental disorders. A major strength is that healthcare professionals such as physicians, psychologist, psychiatrists, and others combined their resources and knowledge to create a universal manual (Well in the US anyways). Also, the DSM is used for appropriate coding for billing and insurance purposes which, for most psychologists, is imperative in order to receive reimbursement for treatment. DSM IV allows researchers anywhere to gather together a group of patients who meet the described criteria for the disorder, try different treatments, and compare the results. The diagnosis is universal. Thus, a given percentage of patients with social phobia might be helped by placebo, and if a greater number will be helped by paroxetine, or gabapentin, or cognitive behavioral therapy, or whatever the treatment in the research design might be, then these treatments can be designated effective if statistical significance is reached.  "Evidence based treatment† appeals to the FDA and, more importantly, seemingly appeals to common sense. Empirical data is usually far more valuable than theories and controversy that cannot be backed up by a test of the facts. In recent years â€Å"evidence based medicine† has become a rallying cause. Pressures are exerted for it to become the standard of care. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States. It is intended to be applicable in a wide array of contexts and used by clinicians and researchers of many different orientations (e.g., biological, psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, family/systems). DSM-IV has been designed for use across settings, inpatient, outpatient, partial hospital, consultation-liaison, clinic, private practice, and primary care, and with community populations and by psychiatrists, psychologists, soc ial workers, nurses, occupational and rehabilitation therapists, counselors, and other health and mental health professionals. It is also a necessary tool for collecting and communicating accurate public health statistics. The DSM consists of three major components: the diagnostic classification, the diagnostic criteria sets, and the descriptive text. They have again missed the opportunity to note that although terms such as neurosis, hysteria and neurasthenia are not disorders in the DSM system, they are widely used throughout the rest of the world; none of these three terms is given an entry in the general index to the volume. This is a particularly unfortunate omission with regard to neurasthenia, since it means that the claim about taking notice of recent research cannot be taken very seriously. ? One of the weaknesses of the DSM system has always been the frequently available option of including the social effects of disorders in the criteria by which the same disorders are identified. The DSM-IV is a categorical classification system. The categories are prototypes, and a patient with a close approximation to the prototype is said to have that disorder. DSM-IV states, â€Å"there is no assumption each category of mental disorder is a completely discrete entity with absolute boundaries† but isolated, low-grade and noncriterion (unlisted for a given disorder) symptoms are not given importance.[18] Qualifiers are sometimes used, for example mild, moderate or severe forms of a disorder. For nearly half the disorders, symptoms must be sufficient to cause â€Å"clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning, although DSM-IV-TR removed the distress criterion from tic disorders and several of the paraphilias. Each category of disorder has a numeric code taken from the ICD coding system, used for health service (including insurance) administrative purposes. Despite caveats in the introduction to the DSM, it has long been argued that its system of classification makes unjustified categorical distinctions between disorders, and uses arbitrary cut-offs between normal and abnormal. A 2009 psychiatric review noted that attempts to demonstrate natural boundaries between related DSM syndromes, or between a common DSM syndrome and normality, have failed.[4] Some argue that rather than a categorical approach, a fully dimensional, spectrum or complaint-oriented approach would better reflect the evidence.[38][39][40][41] In addition, it is argued that the current approach based on exceeding a threshold of symptoms does not adequately take into account the context in which a person is living, and to what extent there is internal disorder of an individual versus a psychological response to adverse situations.[42][43] The DSM does include a step (Axis IV) for outlining Psychosocial and environmental factors contributing to the disorder once someone is diagnosed with that particular disorder. Because an individuals degree of impairment is often not correlated with symptom counts, and can stem from various individual and social factors, the DSMs standard of distress or disability can often produce false positives.[44] On the other hand, individuals who dont meet symptom counts may nevertheless experience comparable distress or disability in their life. Despite doubts about arbitrary cut-offs, yes/no decisions often need to be made (e.g. whether a person will be provided a treatment) and the rest of medicine is committed to categories, so it is thought unlikely that any formal national or international classification will adopt a fully dimensional format.[4] Reference

Free Ophelia Essays - Alone in Hamlet :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Ophelia - All alone in Hamlet Within Ophelia's head spins many thoughts after the death of her father. She is inevitably suffering from a nervous breakdown at the hand of her once suitor Hamlet. Ophelia is now alone without, her brother Laertes, Hamlet, her father Polonius, or even a female role model to help her through this time of sadness. During the scene, she struggles with reality and fiction. Is what she saying all lost thoughts about her head, or do they make sense, perfect senses to the outcome of the play. For the most part during this time in her life, Ophelia has no one to tell her, or guide her. As her brother does when he warns her of "Hamlet and the trifling of his favor..." (1, 3, 5), that "His greatness weighed, his will is not his own"(1, 3, 17). She is also at a loss for her father, Polonius' words of wisdom of her relationship with Hamlet; he states, "Do not believe his vows, for they are brokers, not of that dye which their investments show..." (1, 3, 126-127). Nor does she have Hamlet to lean to for advice as when he tells her to "get thee to a nunnery..."(3, 1, 121). Shakespeare never lets on that Ophelia had a mother; this only leaves Queen Gertrude to fill the empty void as a female role model. At one time Polonius tries to convince the King and Queen that the lack of his daughter's love is the cause of Hamlet's madness, in Act two, Scene two. Only a short time later does Gertrude tell Ophelia, "Ophelia, I do wish that your good beauties be the happy cause of Hamlet's wildness. So shall I hope our virtues will bring him to his wonted way again..." (3, 1, 38-41). On the other hand, later in the play Gertrude refuses to see Ophelia, stating, " I will not speak to her " (4, 5, 1) on the first line of Act four, Scene five. Gertrude does not even attempt to change her mind until Horatio reminds her, " T'were good she were spoken with, for she may strew dangerous conjectures in ill-breeding minds" (4,5,15-16).

Internet Impacts on Global Business Essay

There are lots of advantages for small business to do business on the Internet. Depends on the type of business, it is not necessary for everybody to do business on the Internet. Prior to the invention of the Internet, Large global firms could work on advances in accessing the newest technological information, exchanging information, and reaching international customers. The Internet can help diminish information asymmetry and permits small businesses to act like large global businesses. Firstly, small firms can instant access to any new technological advances that can help them compete with large firms. Secondly, the Internet can help small firms reduce communication costs to the large firms’ level in meeting with suppliers, customers, or employees all over the world. Thirdly, the Internet can help small firms to reach global market in low costs. Any potential customers in the world can interact with the companies through their websites no matter the companies are small or large, local or global. Although many small businesses have success in global market on the Internet, small business that have not yet gone online still needs to evaluate the effects of the Internet and understand whether or not an Internet presence is necessary. No having an Internet presence is not always dangerous for a company. For example, the company that services the customers in local community does not need to establish a website because it can touch customers in person. The privacy may be in danger on the Internet if the company has not enough resources for the security.

Income Disparities in Obesity Trends Among Califor Essays (856 words)

Income Disparities in Obesity Trends Among Califor Essays (856 words) Income Disparities in Obesity Trends Among California Adolescents Hiral Patel PSY 101-600 Professor Elizabeth Lavertu 2/20/11 Obesity is a common problem in our society. A few researchers decided to study this matter further and compare obesity rates among low-income families and high-income families. In "Income Disparities in Obesity Trends Among California Adolescents," four authors: Susan H. Babey, Theresa A. Hastert, Joelle Wolstein, and Allsion L. Diamant, describe the entire process of the study: The researchers wanted to prove that income levels affect obesity in adolescents. Adolescents who come from low-income families are more likely to be obese than adolescents who come from high-income families. This study also included gender to see if males or females were more apt to become obese as a factor of income. The variables that were involved with the experiment were: weight, income level, gender and race. The research looked at the income levels as well as the weight/Body Mass Index (BMI) of the participants. Among the participants in the study, weight and income level changed. Therefore, weight and income level are known as independent variables. The dependent variables were gender, race, and obesity. Obesity amongst females in the low-income groups was not different from the females of the high-income group. Obesity rates were based on the charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Also, poverty and family income levels were judged based on the federal poverty rate. Three samples were used throughout this research. The first part of the sample was finding the participants. The second part of the sample was finding the people that would be interviewed. The third and last part of the sample was stating the facts about the study. The study was done in five languages and took place over four years. There was one sample group that was made from a sample population. Since the study was random, researchers were able to get a sample fraction of the participants of the study. The methods employed in the study would be the steps on how the researchers selected the participants. Logistic regression was used in this study, and income level had changed. A survey is a method in which researchers ask participants questions. When they put the answers together, they can see the trends. In this case, the California Health Interview Survey asked numerous health questions of a certain number of people between specific ages. The researchers in charge of this project were able to find out how many teenagers or young adults were obese. They were also capable of seeing where the teenagers or young adults resided, as well as the income levels of the families of the teenagers or young adults. Some types of information were requested, whereas other types of information were reported. For instance, if the survey asked about the race of each participant, the researcher was able to tell if more African-American, white, or Hispanic teenagers were obese. On page 3 of the docume nt, it shows that the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) was a telephone survey of homes around the state. It was designed to represent all kinds of people. CHIS interviews were done in several languages. Teenagers were asked specific information that the reader is able to find in the documented article. That information was used to decide if the teenager was obese by standards set up by an institution. The study had numerous results. The demographic information stated who exactly was studied, including how long the survey took place, the average age of participants, gender and races. Also, there was a small increase in the obesity rates in California in the years during the study. For instance, the obesity rate for the low-income group between 2001 and 2007 almost doubled. Males were more likely to be obese than females. Asian adolescents were the least likely to be obese. The connection with males and lower-income levels was significant. In conclusion, the hypothesis was proven. The article proves that obesity is related to economic status. However, there could have been more correlations between gender and income levels. The research was done in California. Thus, to make the study more inclusive, the research could have been conducted in diverse places. The study could have been improved if the researchers had

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight essays

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight essays In the epic poem, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the author uses the protagonist, Sir Gawain, to illustrate the heroic ideals of chivalry, loyalty and honesty in fourteenth century England. The poem depicts the fabled society of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. It extols and idolizes the virtues of the fabled kingdom. In the poem, Gawain is the epitome of virtue and all that is good. Throughout the poem, however, his character is constantly tested and his integrity is compromised. In the end, Gawain proves that, although he is fallible, he is an honest and chivalrous man of heroic stature. The poem begins on New Year's Eve in Camelot during a huge dinner celebration. The author elaborately details the "feasting and fellowship and carefree mirth" and sets the scene with "fair folk" and "gentle knights". (p. 2) Amid the merriment and festivities of these noble persons, a huge man on horseback dressed entirely in green, gallops into the hall. Arrogantly he issues a challenge to everyone at the feast for someone to come forward and strike him with his axe. To this man, the green knight promises to award his adversary with his beautiful axe on the condition that in a year from then the challenger should also receive the same single blow of the axe in return. Such a challenge baffles the court and no one responds until, finally, King Arthur stands up and accepts the green knight's offer, though claiming it ridiculous. With grandeur and the courteous air of a hero, Sir Gawain stands up and graciously asks to be granted the challenge on behalf of the king. Such a courageous and noble act defines the character of Sir Gawain. With an adept swing of the sword he swiftly beheads the illustrious green knight. Yet, instead of killing him, the green knight picks up his head, tells him to seek out the green chapel and warns him not to shirk from what he has promised, "Sir Gawain, forget not to go as agreed,/ And cea...

The Management of Small and Medium Enterprises - Literature Review

The Management of Small and Medium Enterprises - - Literature review Example Currently, SMEs in china are responsible for more than 75% of employment opportunities in urban centers and nearly 60% of the GDP (Zhao, 2007). For a period, majority of scholars have agued that organizational theories and models designed for large organizations could be directly applied to SMEs (Boyd & Nicolo, 2005). But in recent times, industry players have clearly demonstrated that there is a big difference between the SMEs and large organizations as indicated by Paulson (2008). This is because SMEs are confronted with numerous obstacles as opposed to large organizations. These obstacles are listed by Antkiewicz & Whalley (2005) to include lack of funds and socialized services, less access to market and poor management among others. The main purpose of the present paper is to examine trade policies in china and their advantages and disadvantages to small and medium-sized enterprises. With examples, this paper will also explore whether there are foreign small or medium-sized enter prises in china. It will also examine the key issues that china needs to address to enhance the growth of SMEs. Laws and Policies Concerning the Promotion of SMEs SMEs are the backbone of the Chinese economy according to study findings by Antkiewicz & Whalley (2005); Dunaway & Li (2005) and Lardy (2002). In view of this revelation, China has put in place trade polices and regulations that help in promoting their growth and development. These policies are geared toward improving their operational environment and increasing employment in both urban and rural areas as indicated in a World Bank report (2008). They are also aimed at exerting their significant influence on national economic and social development (Wang, 2004). At the present, majority of provinces and regions in China have formulated their administrative rules and regulations for enhancing the development of SMEs as noted by Paulson (2008). Moreover, the corresponding authorities and departments of the national government have issued several documents covering market access, the fiscal financial mix, enhancement of government control and administration, technological innovation, development of global markets and creation of service systems for SMEs (The World Bank, 2008). The government of China has developed legislations, policies and regulations related to the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises. Th

Public Health Nursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Public Health Nursing - Assignment Example The important health status indicators include infant mortality rate, life expectancy at birth, maternal mortality ratio, neonatal mortality rate, under five mortality rate (child mortality rate). Good health indicator should show positive outcomes based on quantity and quality of people’s health status. Life expectancy at birth is the most vital health status indicator of any country which directly focuses on economic condition of the country. Life expectancy at birth refers to the mean number of years that a newborn baby can expect to live, if current mortality conditions are prevailed throughout the person’s life. This indicator focuses on age-specific probability of death of an individual by considering the present rate of death for people of varying ages in a country. Health status of a country is positively influenced by increase in life expectancy at birth. In economically sound countries like United States, life expectancy at birth is around 77 years. The countries having medium financial status like Jordan, life expectancy at birth is around 72 years. While in poor countries like Mali, life expectancy at birth is around 48 years. Thus, financial status of the country is directly proportional to the life expectancy at birth of that country. To address the major health concerns in poor countries various prevalent health problems should be attended to enhance the life expectancy at birth of the specific country. Thus, based on need of the country adequate and equal access to health care services could be delivered to enhance the life expectancy at birth. The enhanced life expectancy at birth could definitely achieve physical, mental and social well-being of the poor income country (Skolnik,

The Iranian Revolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Iranian Revolution - Research Paper Example By then Khomeini had had resisted Shah for extended periods, and as a result, exiled. Khomeini depicted himself as pursuing the footsteps of Ali, A Shia Imam, who had resisted the rule of a tyrant. As a result of his growing popularity, majority of the clergy, at home, sought to galvanize the crowds by presenting Islamic causes. At the heart of this opposition, was his pro-CIA stance, his earlier alliance in Operation Ajax, his pro-Israel stance, and the perceived move towards westernization, which was demonized. There are objective and subjective factors that contributed to the manifestation of the Iranian revolution and establishment of an ideology representing an amalgam of religious imagery, nationalism, and socialism, which can be widely described as a mode of third-world populism. The controversy detailed that the struggle against imperialism dictated by political discourse within the two decades preceding the revolution. It was apparent that two strategic mistakes were underta ken: namely, abandonment of the question of democracy, and underestimation of the influence wielded by the Islamic clergy. The paper explores some of the Shah's policies that may have played a part in driving the revolutionaries’ agenda forward during the Islamic revolution. ... In antagonizing a core constituent, that is the Shia religious leadership, Shah was unknowingly creating a rich ground for rebellion. A revolution is mainly explained through failure of state dwelling on either objective or subjective factors. With regard to structural factors, the government denigrates or alienates its social bases of support (either via reform or repression) while perception relates to a sense that state repression has loosened, hence an opportunity for action arises. While some historians (with 20-20 hindsight) asserted that the Islamic Revolution presented a reasonable product of Iran’s political evolution, an analysis of the past happenings is not satisfactory that the origin of the revolution has been explored fully. The Iranian revolution was distinct based on the surprise that it generated around the world. The revolution lacked numerous customary causes of revolution such as disgruntled military, peasant rebellion, defeat at war, and financial crisis; it generated immense changes at a fast speed, was immensely popular among the masses; and, substituted a modernizing autocratic monarchy with a theocracy grounded in the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists (Amuzegar 9). Even at the height of street protests and demonstrations, neither Iranians nor its key allies such as the U.S officials perceived the possibility that Iran’s armed troops, which was highly modernized and the largest, would be incapable of dealing with the revolutionaries (Coughlin 4). A number of structural weaknesses are frequently cited as comprising a structure of political opportunities favourable to revolution. 1) The monarch’s social support was weakened by the reforms, whereby the

Rolls Royce Essay Example for Free

Rolls Royce Essay a) Company Information. Rolls Royce PLC is the second largest multinational organisation that produces power integrated systems after GE Aviation. Rolls Royce operates in four different types of economic markets which are the civil and defence aerospace market as well as the marine and energy markets. The company makes engines for jets, helicopters, and turboprop aircraft not only do they produce engines but they also install these systems. Rolls Royce PLC has 50,000 engines in service with 500 major airlines. Rolls Royce PLC is a global company that is known in over 50 countries, the name Rolls Royce comes from the last names of its founders, Henry Royce and Charles rolls. The company was initially formed in 1904 to produce cars and car engines. In 1914 it also produced its first aircraft engine, as the company expanded in 1971 it became a PLC, the company was then split into two and sold to a BMW company that is now known as Rolls Royce motor cars LTD. Rolls Royce PLC retained the right of its trademarks so it can use it to operate in the markets it does. Rolls Royce has invested a sufficient amount of money into research n development of its products and technology it uses to produce them. It also invests somewhat  £300 million a year on capital projects. In recent events Rolls Royce was awarded a contract by the ministry of defence to supply those engines for their aircrafts for the next five years, they also secured more than $1 billion worth of orders from an recent air show. b) Information required to aid managers. Managers need to plan ahead they require important information to enable them to run the day to day and future operations of the company. Depending on where your company stands in the economic market and its needs at that particular time it wants to be able to sift through information selecting what is relevant and applying it to the company. Rolls Royce understands how important it is for management data as this coupled with their knowledge and expertise helps them to maximise their operational expertise. Rolls Royce needs information such as income, expenditure and capital employed to be able to plan and prepare budgets for the future this information is very important to Rolls Royce as for example it can help them to work out any repair costs to engines being produced and how many extra components that maybe needed. Forecast is very important for Rolls Royce, as it can help them predict how many contracts they may receive and what companies to target in certain circumstances for example wars are predicted, this means the demand for military aircrafts will increase this will aid Rolls Royce to keep up with changing economic environments. Information such as pricing is also very important to Rolls Royce as they are the second largest company supplying engines to the aviation market they need to be able to set prices ahead of their competitors so they can win large contracts to stay in the game. Feedback from customers is very important not just from the customers Rolls Royce provides to but even to the extent of feedback from the public for example; emirates airlines customers expected more leg room in their planes, not only this the airline through research predicted more first class passengers if there planes where designed with more room and better bathroom facilities for the high class passengers. All this information could help Rolls Royce design and produce larger planes which require larger more complicated engines not only this it could set a new trend of better travel. 2. Management accounting techniques are necessary to run a business effectively. These techniques primarily affect costs and prices within the corporation. I. Budgeting A budget is developed to plan for the future. A company as big as Rolls Royce needs a master budget to predict costs and revenues for the year. Budgets can also be used to control stock levels, predict the amount of staff required on particular projects and how many hours they are required to work. These budgets can be compared with financial statements at the year end to see how consistent they have been in maintaining the budget and targets. Finally, budgets should include funds for investment opportunities, so when these opportunities arise Rolls Royce can take swift action for example Rolls Royce receives an order of 100 engines from an airline to be able to carry out such an order budgeting can help predict how much it may cost to produce these engines not only this but the number of new staff required. II. Benefits As I mentioned budgets can provide objectives and goals. These can motivate people to perform effectively, especially if the workforce was asked to contribute when the budget was set. Budgets can also force managers to make accurate use of Rolls Royces capital. Ultimately, Rolls Royce can organise the organisation because the budget affects all departments not just one due to business activities existing throughout the company. III. Limitation Budgets can reduce motivation in the workforce at Rolls Royce because staff will be under pressure to maintain targets of the budgets. Effects such as these result in stressful staff which may lead to them taking sick leave. Therefore, Rolls Royce will be short staffed in certain situations. A major issue that may arise due to budgets is that of conflict. Conflict can be good and bad in a workforce. In the case of Rolls Royce there might be departments arguing about unfair resources allocation, which is bad conflict. Therefore, if targets are not met, departments will blame each other and this will result in more conflict and a poor organisational culture. Budgets can encourage managers to overestimate costs so that they are not blamed if there is any overspending. Rolls Royce could lose out on lucrative deals if they do not budget for investment opportunities. b: I. Standard Costing Standard costing sets levels of costs and revenues which ought to be achievable when reasonable levels of performance are used, together with efficient working practices, to manufacture a product†. (Harrison, 1998:228) This management technique is very useful for Rolls Royce because they produce their own Engines. This costing method compares predetermined costs of products with actual costs incurred. Rolls Royce can calculate many variances, such as material, labour and overheads. The materials variance will show Rolls Royce how well they use their materials and how cheap they are purchasing materials. E.g. Rolls Royce budget to purchase 10,000kg of materials at  £2.00 per kg totalling to  £20,000, but really purchase 10,000kg at  £1.50 per kg totalling to  £15,000, there is a  £5000 favourable variance. This means that the purchase price of the materials was cheaper than expected. The labour variance will show the rate being paid to workers, and how efficiently the employees have been working. Finally, the overhead variances will show Rolls Royce the difference between overhead rates charged and budgeted on production. II. Benefits By setting standards Rolls Royce can identify weaknesses in the manufacturing system. This will allow them to rectify problems and produce effectively. Setting standards will also motivate people to maintain targets. If targets are not being met managers will be encouraged to review methods to reduce costs. This method represents the correct cost of a product and can inspire managers and employees to improve from year to year on saving costs. III. Limitations To have a well maintained system it will be costly for Rolls Royce but will be worthwhile. Due to prices changing frequently because of inflation, the system will need to be updated frequently which can be time consuming and therefore distracts managers/employees from production. If targets are not achieved, employees can lose motivation and this could affect the performance of the workforce. c) I. Pricing One of the most crucial decisions a company must make is the price of a product. Two main features that must be considered when setting a price on a product is the cost and revenue maximisation. There are three pricing methods; cost based pricing, going rate, and pricing policies. There are various methods of applying cost based pricing, but the most relevant for Rolls Royce is considering total costs. This method covers a profit margin and the cost of the product. This is very important to Rolls Royce as they are not the first largest company providing power systems to the aviation market by setting a price which is lower than GE Aviation its competitor they may be able to attract more contracts for example if GE Aviation Sold 20 engines at $20million Rolls Royce could sell the same amount of engines for $19.5 Million helping them achieve more sales and attract more customers. II. Benefits. Rolls Royce can benefit from cost plus pricing by many ways. Firstly, managers can set a mark up to their desire, there is no fixed limit on mark up but it must be reasonable and competitive. Baxter and Oxenfeldt (1961) state, cost plus pricing â€Å"offer a means by which plausible prices can be found with ease and speed, no matter how many products the firm handles†. (Drury, 2004:432) Finally, if all firms in the market have similar mark up and cost structures to Rolls Royce, there will be price stability, which is good for customers. Rolls Royce can benefit from the going rate because customers will buy from them due to their reputation as they operate in four different markets providing power system even though competitors will have the same price. Loss leader pricing is useful for Rolls Royce because when customers are attracted by a low price of aircraft or engine, it is almost certain that consumers will purchase a higher quantity of these systems. This compensates for the low mark up as more items are sold. III. Limitations. The main limitation of cost plus pricing is that the demand for the product is not taken into account. The going rate on products can be difficult to compare with competitors because; some companies might have lower production costs than others. Using a loss leader strategy to sell items can cause problems if you dont sell all the stock. If this occurs, prices can only be reduced further to clear out remaining stock, which subsequently leads to further losses. d) I. Long Term Decisions (Investment Appraisal) Rolls Royce will need to use investment appraisal techniques to decide whether certain investments will be worthwhile, e.g. supplying 20 Airbus A330 jets to air china. The most convenient method for these examples would be ‘payback. Payback is, â€Å"The time required for the cash inflows from a capital investment project to equal the cash outflows†. (Lucey, 2002:352) E.g. supplying air china 20 airbus A330 jets will cost  £500 million, and the turnover is  £100 million per year, therefore the payback period is 5 years. This method can also be used to decide between two investments, e.g. supplying Air China 20 Airbus A330 or supplying Singapore airlines 30 airbus A330. Depending on the payback period resulting from projected inflows and outflows, the company can decide which airline to supply too. The best choice will be the one that has the quickest payback period. II. Benefits. Payback is the most simple investment appraisal technique to calculate. This will be good for Rolls Royce when swift decisions are required. This method will be easy to understand at all levels of the company. Another benefit of this method is that it will prevent cash flow problems because money is recovered as soon as possible. III. Limitations. The major limitation of payback is that once the initial investment has been recovered, all future cash flows are ignored. This method also assumes that if the payback period is long the investment will not be successful. Hence, if Rolls Royce decides to supply engines to air china instead of Singapore airlines there will be a gradual payback period, does that mean the investment will not be successful? Finally, this method does not account for time value of money. Therefore, an investment now could be worth more in ten years. Read more: http://www.ukessays.co.uk/essays/accounting/rolls-royce-plc.php#ixzz2LvPZSk6S

Essay --

Beloved The story in Beloved authored by Toni Morrison was centered on the aftermath experience of the protagonist; Sethe as a slavery escapee. The story which defied chronology was mirrored in flashbacks. The harsh experience of slavery was still patent and the memories of bitter struggles were still haunting the characters. There was an inhibition in the ability to move on. The ruination of identity by slavery and competence of language were two vital themes in the story and would be further analyzed. Ruination of identity by slavery as theme depicted the physiological, mental and spiritual burden of slavery which is inescapable as it continues to haunt the characters like Sethe and Paul D who experienced it. Slavery was accompanied with negativity on the true identity of oneself and this made story have several situations of self-denial and estrangement. For example, Paul D was unsure of whether the wailings and tears of grief, he was feeling were coming from himself or someone else: â€Å"In the boxes the men heard the water rise in the trench and looked out for cottonmouths. They squatted in muddy water, slept above it, peed in it. Paul D thought he was screaming; his mouth was open and there was this loud throat-splitting sound--but it may have been somebody else. Then he thought he was crying. Something was running down his cheeks. He lifted his hands to wipe away the tears and saw dark brown slime†. The slaves received endured inhuman conditions which included being traded as a normal good in exchange for paper money. Paul D always questioned his worth as a human and suffered from inferiority of being insecure of whether or not he was truly a â€Å"man†. Sethe also experienced the cruelty of slavery. She once intrude... ...ry when Paul D and prison inmates from Georgia sang about their past experiences and dream; â€Å"garbling the words so they could not be understood; tricking the words so their syllables yielded up other meanings†. In another case, Stamp Paid saw through the window, two backs and went to see for himself; believing that â€Å"the undecipherable language clamoring around the house was the mumbling of the black and angry dead†. The titling of the story comes down to what is regarded as language misunderstanding. At the burial of her daughter whom killed by her hand, Sethe misunderstood the minister’s address referring to the living as â€Å"Dear beloved† and interpreted it as referencing to the dead. The meaning of words depend heavily the changing interpretation of words: figures of speech rely on the capability of words to connect and disconnect with the definitions of words.

Reflection of a Homily by Gregory the Great :: essays research papers

REFLECTION ON A HOMILY BY GREGORY THE GREAT   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Gregory’s homily it seems the congregation has trouble understanding the command of our Lord to love as He has. This entails loving even our enemies as Christ has. Yet, how do we love those who harm us? To often we believe that any harm to us demands a distorted form of justice. In other words, to give to them as we got. However, this is not the love of Christ, this is not justice, this is vengeance. So how do we love our enemies as He does? First, we must learn to seriously understand what it is to love those in family and community. If we love them seriously and fully, then we will learn to love our enemies, because loving truly has become a habit within us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is it to love our family and friends seriously? As Gregory states, â€Å"cultivate the virtue of love in tranquil times by showing mercy.† We are to extend mercy to them so that mercy maybe shown to our enemies. To extend mercy toward family and friends is to forgive the irritations they create, provide for their needs when they ask for what they want, and above all learn to give without fear and merciless condition. In doing this daily and making it a habit, then we find that our enemies are in the same needs as our friends and we can give to them as well. As we say in the Marine Corps, â€Å"The more we sweat in practice, the less we bleed in battle.† This in turn will halt our false sense of duty, which turns our love into servile obligation and therefore never to be given as the Lord has. Charity in its most ordinary form would not be so if performed perfunctorily, it would be a tit for tat and we would all become useless servants only doing what we are supposed to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yet, to prevent a false and fearful love from being given, we must learn what it is to love the Lord. How we love Him is how we would love our family, friends, and enemies. For our love to live after death and to even bring life to others, it must have the life of God within it first. This is Gregory’s thought as he interprets the scripture passage I have chosen you and appointed you to go and bring forth fruit into I have appointed you for grace.

History of 5 Bowen Road Essay

Look at any old photo of pre-1950 Hong Kong and the hillsides above the city were dotted with handsome verandah type homes like this one. From the Mid-levels up to The Peak, every successful European merchant, official, compradore or trader scrambled to put up a mansion befitting their perceived status in colonial society. This home was built in 1914 by the property company, Hongkong Land Investment and Agency Company Ltd. Its Devonian name ’Iddesleigh’ (pronounced ‘Idslee’) derived from the origins of its occupant, A Mr.  Mowbray Stafford Northcote secretary of the Hongkong Land Investment and Agency Company, who was an honorary correspondent to the magazine ‘Devonia’ and was related to the Earl of Iddesleigh. In common with many structures which were built on Hong Kong’s precipitous hillsides, the house stands on a handsome, terraced granite base. When built, the house would have had sweeping views across the harbour and its verandahs would have been open to the elements. Three-storey building built in neo-classical style, Corinthian columns, bow arch, decorated with carved eaves and rich ornate interior decoration, showing the lofty building owner socioeconomic status. The top of the building facade reflects its ornate pediment architectural style influenced by the Baroque. During the Japanese Occupation (1942-1945), this building was requisitioned as the home for the Japanese Imperial Naval commander. After liberation at the end of the Second World War, the house was occupied by the Royal Navy and it would later become the official residence of the senior RN officer in Hong Kong, the Commodore-in-Charge and has been better known as the â€Å"Commodore’s House† since 1952. In 1979, the building was handed over to the Hong Kong Government. In 1990, the building was allocated for charity Mother’s Choice Baby Nursing and residential special child care centers.

Managing Innovations and Entrepreneurship

Managing Innovations and Entrepreneurship Introduction Protection of innovation is a key element in promoting the development or growth of entrepreneurship activities. For an entrepreneur to reap from their innovative ideologies there must be adequate measures in place for preventing actions that encourage imitations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Innovations and Entrepreneurship specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Entrepreneurs can prevent imitations in various ways such as the use of standard patent, trademarks and patents among many others. This document, therefore, is going to explicate the various ways that enterprises use to prevent imitations. Standard Patent An entrepreneur can protect a method, process or device that he or she has creatively developed by acquiring patent rights (Australian government 2003). For example, cochlear company has patent rights on its ear device designed for the deaf, in various countries to protect imitations. Thi s is an effective barrier to stop others form manufacturing, reproducing of commercializing this device unless upon proper authorization by the company. Innovative patent An innovative patent protects small entrepreneurs who cannot afford standard or normal patents (Australian government 2003). This protection is suitable for businesses, which have short commercial or existence period. Considering advantages, innovative patent are reasonably inexpensive as compared to the standard patent. Additionally, innovative patents are easily obtainable and further take relatively less time to acquire. Ultimately, innovative patents offer equal level of protection as the standard patent thus similar in terms of effectiveness. Trademarks One can define a trademark as a symbol, letter, picture, logo, packaging or a combination of these aspects, which differentiates a company’s goods or services from the rest in the market (Australian government 2003). For example, the word â€Å"Coca Col a† is a trademark for the renowned beverage organization. This, therefore, means that no other organization can use this name for any other reason without obtaining consent or permission of Coca Cola organization. The advantage of a trademark is that it protects or safeguards your brand in various ways.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Design Registered designs protect an entrepreneur from imitations of his or her product outlook (Australian government 2003). Perfect examples of designs include product configurations and features. For instance, bed sheets with Ken Done designs are registered. This prevents or deters anyone from reproducing or manufacturing the same pattern or design. The use any registered design without permission is punishable legally. Copyright Copyright protects an entrepreneur’s original work such as music, art, broadcasts, literat ure, films and computer programmes (Australian government 2003). Copyright prevents anyone from unauthorized copying of another’s creative work. Some of the protected works under copyright include music, artwork, literature, drawing, poems, and novels among other material. Circuit layout rights Circuit layout right provides entrepreneurs exclusive rights to manufacture copy and commercially reproduce the original layout design of integrated circuit and microchips. Trade secrets and confidentiality This is whereby an entrepreneur maintains secrets of his or her trading activities, commodities or processes (Australian government 2003). For instance, Coca Cola organization is the only organization that knows its product recipes thus limiting assuring protection confidentiality. Conversely, organizations use trade secret when there are complications in reversing engineering process or when there is complexity enforcing intellectual properties. Explicating barriers and protection to innovation One of the most successful companies that have managed to, fully, exercise barriers in preventing imitations is Coca Cola organization (Brown Severson 2011). No person or company has ever imitated Coca Cola’s soft drink recipes. It is a trade secret and thus confidential to Coca Cola. The Coca Cola organization has also trademarked the name Coca Cola to prevent the organization from any imitation. The trade secret and confidentiality of Coca Cola’s recipes has been one of the most successful barriers or protection against imitations (Brown Severson 2011). This is because the reverse engineering of the process is extremely difficult and the combination of the ingredients maintained as top secret.  The Coca Cola brand has grown thus recognized worldwide due to the consistency of the Coca Cola soft drink (Brown Severson 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Innovations and Entrepreneurship specifically for you for o nly $16.05 $11/page Learn More Various competitors wish to imitate the brand in order to attract more potential customers the market, but often end up in vain. This clearly indicates the effectiveness of imitation barriers imposed by the company.  Intellectual property poses immense challenges in management due to its intangibility nature. Therefore, for effective management of intellectual property, it is fundamental to uphold various protection measures. For instance, keeping a catalogue of all intellectual properties registered can help provide evidence of ownership. Evaluation of the intellectual property regularly can also assist in establishing the property values thus protect then using various available and appropriate ways (Australian government 2003). The choice of barrier to use in protecting or safeguarding intellectual property will entirely depend on the nature of product or service offered by entrepreneurs. He or she must establish the suitability of that particular barrier in relation to his or her product or service. The effectiveness of a barrier on a product or a service depends on the nature of the product or service. If a barrier does not suit the product or service, then it will be ineffective in protection or safeguarding of intellectual properties. In conclusion, barriers to imitation are incredibly vital in the protection of intellectual property. This motivates entrepreneurs in developing new ideologies thus promoting innovations al every organizational level. However, there are various ways of protecting innovation; some of the ways include intellectual properties, copyright, trademarks and design (Australian government 2003). Such protection assures complete or absolute benefits of their ideologies when they commercially exploited them. Imitation barriers also help in the development of brands in the market. References Australian government, 2003, intellectual property (IP) rights at a glance, (commonwealth governm ent of Australia), Australian government, Sydney.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Australian government, 2003, IP management, (commonwealth government of Australia), Australian government, Sydney. Australian government, 2003, IP valuation, (commonwealth government of Australia), Australian government, Sydney. Brown, R Severson, K (2011), Recipe for coke? One more to add to the file, New York Times. Web.

Free Essays on Prolife

An aborted organism, this is one definition of an abortion. Look at that twice. How terrible does that sound? I can't even begin to wonder how people call themselves moral and compassionate human beings when they believe in destroying an innocent life to make their own easier. You make the choice when you choose to have sex. Some say it is ok in cases of rape or incest, because the mother did nothing wrong and did not consent to sex. This is very true, it is not ones fault who is raped. And it is not the baby's fault that it was made. It had no decision, no say, it was just created. People who argue for abortion in these cases are backwards. I always argue with friends about this issue. Their primary argument is that the fetus is not actually a human being unless it has a brain, sensory organs, or a heartbeat, which seems to be the "big question" in any abortion argument. It is a life in the lowest stage of development, but a life non-the less. Who are we to decide when it has value? An apple seed will grow into an apple tree if it is planted and given water and sunlight. The seed is in the first stage of becoming a full-grown tree, and just because it doesn't have branches or fruit yet doesn't deny the fact that it is an apple tree just in the first stage of development.... Free Essays on Prolife Free Essays on Prolife An aborted organism, this is one definition of an abortion. Look at that twice. How terrible does that sound? I can't even begin to wonder how people call themselves moral and compassionate human beings when they believe in destroying an innocent life to make their own easier. You make the choice when you choose to have sex. Some say it is ok in cases of rape or incest, because the mother did nothing wrong and did not consent to sex. This is very true, it is not ones fault who is raped. And it is not the baby's fault that it was made. It had no decision, no say, it was just created. People who argue for abortion in these cases are backwards. I always argue with friends about this issue. Their primary argument is that the fetus is not actually a human being unless it has a brain, sensory organs, or a heartbeat, which seems to be the "big question" in any abortion argument. It is a life in the lowest stage of development, but a life non-the less. Who are we to decide when it has value? An apple seed will grow into an apple tree if it is planted and given water and sunlight. The seed is in the first stage of becoming a full-grown tree, and just because it doesn't have branches or fruit yet doesn't deny the fact that it is an apple tree just in the first stage of development....

Free Essays on Slaying The Minotaur

On Slaying the Minotaur Plato’s â€Å"Phaedo† discusses many human difficulties and attempts to discover ways to overcome such difficulties. The most important deficiency is the human condition the â€Å"Phaedo† deals with concerns death and the continuation of the spirit into an afterlife. The plot centers around Socrates and two of his fourteen students who are present named Cebes and Simmias. Socrates, throughout the dialogue, undertakes a task attempting to deny the time where people are most human, the point of death. Socrates tries to show his students an avenue to salvation through a philosophic life. This essay outlines Socrates arguments attempting to overcome and solve the human fear of a final death. Socrates willingly accepts death, but Cebes and Simmias are unhappy about his death. The two don’t understand death as Socrates does; they are not on his level. Cebes and Simmias worry they will die without the comprehension of death Socrates possesses. They are emotionally attached to Socrates and fear death. Socrates must wean both Simmias and Cebes from their attachment to him and to show them not to fear death. Therefore, Socrates must set an example for not only those two, but also for others who fear death and he declares, â€Å"I should make my defense against these charges just as in the Law of court† (63B). To calm those fears Socrates gives a speech declaring that at death the Soul completely separates from the body. Socrates puts emphasis on the soul because the body is dying; he recognizes the body and raises the soul. To accomplish his mission Socrates employs three arguments, that of contraries and that from recollection, followed by his â€Å"se cond sailing†. In the argument of contraries Socrates states, â€Å"let’s investigate whether it’s necessary for whatever has some contrary to be from no where else but from its own contrary† (70E). He uses the examples of opposites such as little to... Free Essays on Slaying The Minotaur Free Essays on Slaying The Minotaur On Slaying the Minotaur Plato’s â€Å"Phaedo† discusses many human difficulties and attempts to discover ways to overcome such difficulties. The most important deficiency is the human condition the â€Å"Phaedo† deals with concerns death and the continuation of the spirit into an afterlife. The plot centers around Socrates and two of his fourteen students who are present named Cebes and Simmias. Socrates, throughout the dialogue, undertakes a task attempting to deny the time where people are most human, the point of death. Socrates tries to show his students an avenue to salvation through a philosophic life. This essay outlines Socrates arguments attempting to overcome and solve the human fear of a final death. Socrates willingly accepts death, but Cebes and Simmias are unhappy about his death. The two don’t understand death as Socrates does; they are not on his level. Cebes and Simmias worry they will die without the comprehension of death Socrates possesses. They are emotionally attached to Socrates and fear death. Socrates must wean both Simmias and Cebes from their attachment to him and to show them not to fear death. Therefore, Socrates must set an example for not only those two, but also for others who fear death and he declares, â€Å"I should make my defense against these charges just as in the Law of court† (63B). To calm those fears Socrates gives a speech declaring that at death the Soul completely separates from the body. Socrates puts emphasis on the soul because the body is dying; he recognizes the body and raises the soul. To accomplish his mission Socrates employs three arguments, that of contraries and that from recollection, followed by his â€Å"se cond sailing†. In the argument of contraries Socrates states, â€Å"let’s investigate whether it’s necessary for whatever has some contrary to be from no where else but from its own contrary† (70E). He uses the examples of opposites such as little to...

Family Value Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family Value Paper - Essay Example In this essay I will examine how families promote the health of their members and how nurses can use families to help improve the health of hospital-bound patients. Family can have many definitions but it usually refers to immediate relations such as a mother, father, brother, sister, spouse or child. All of the individuals through their love of one another can provide maximum support and encouragement to a patient. They can also provide a standard of care that it may not be possible for even the most well-trained nurse to provide. Because of this important fact and because of the role of nurses in coordinating a patient’s care, it is important for nurses to communicate clearly and compassionately to family members. But there is more a nurse can do. Nurses can actually train family members to provide basic care to patients and to provide help to nursing staff at difficult times. Although a nurse will have the final responsibility for the care a patient gets from the hospital—and it is important for nurses to stay at the centre of this web—by communicating and â€Å"deputizing† family members, nurses can maximize the quality of care a patient receives. While doing this, it is important to always keep the patient’s best interests at heart. Although the majority of family members are caring and have good intentions towards their relations it is also possible some family members may increase a patient’s stress levels or be generally detrimental to a patient’s health. This is surely one of the most difficult situations for a nurse: deciding who can and can’t see a patient. Although some family members will claim unlimited access to a patient, nurses must decide what is appropriate and what is not. They perceived nurses as providers of technical care and they perceived themselves as having an important role in providing social and emotional care. Families