The Iranian Revolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Iranian Revolution - Research Paper Example By then Khomeini had had resisted Shah for extended periods, and as a result, exiled. Khomeini depicted himself as pursuing the footsteps of Ali, A Shia Imam, who had resisted the rule of a tyrant. As a result of his growing popularity, majority of the clergy, at home, sought to galvanize the crowds by presenting Islamic causes. At the heart of this opposition, was his pro-CIA stance, his earlier alliance in Operation Ajax, his pro-Israel stance, and the perceived move towards westernization, which was demonized. There are objective and subjective factors that contributed to the manifestation of the Iranian revolution and establishment of an ideology representing an amalgam of religious imagery, nationalism, and socialism, which can be widely described as a mode of third-world populism. The controversy detailed that the struggle against imperialism dictated by political discourse within the two decades preceding the revolution. It was apparent that two strategic mistakes were underta ken: namely, abandonment of the question of democracy, and underestimation of the influence wielded by the Islamic clergy. The paper explores some of the Shah's policies that may have played a part in driving the revolutionaries’ agenda forward during the Islamic revolution. ... In antagonizing a core constituent, that is the Shia religious leadership, Shah was unknowingly creating a rich ground for rebellion. A revolution is mainly explained through failure of state dwelling on either objective or subjective factors. With regard to structural factors, the government denigrates or alienates its social bases of support (either via reform or repression) while perception relates to a sense that state repression has loosened, hence an opportunity for action arises. While some historians (with 20-20 hindsight) asserted that the Islamic Revolution presented a reasonable product of Iran’s political evolution, an analysis of the past happenings is not satisfactory that the origin of the revolution has been explored fully. The Iranian revolution was distinct based on the surprise that it generated around the world. The revolution lacked numerous customary causes of revolution such as disgruntled military, peasant rebellion, defeat at war, and financial crisis; it generated immense changes at a fast speed, was immensely popular among the masses; and, substituted a modernizing autocratic monarchy with a theocracy grounded in the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists (Amuzegar 9). Even at the height of street protests and demonstrations, neither Iranians nor its key allies such as the U.S officials perceived the possibility that Iran’s armed troops, which was highly modernized and the largest, would be incapable of dealing with the revolutionaries (Coughlin 4). A number of structural weaknesses are frequently cited as comprising a structure of political opportunities favourable to revolution. 1) The monarch’s social support was weakened by the reforms, whereby the

Rolls Royce Essay Example for Free

Rolls Royce Essay a) Company Information. Rolls Royce PLC is the second largest multinational organisation that produces power integrated systems after GE Aviation. Rolls Royce operates in four different types of economic markets which are the civil and defence aerospace market as well as the marine and energy markets. The company makes engines for jets, helicopters, and turboprop aircraft not only do they produce engines but they also install these systems. Rolls Royce PLC has 50,000 engines in service with 500 major airlines. Rolls Royce PLC is a global company that is known in over 50 countries, the name Rolls Royce comes from the last names of its founders, Henry Royce and Charles rolls. The company was initially formed in 1904 to produce cars and car engines. In 1914 it also produced its first aircraft engine, as the company expanded in 1971 it became a PLC, the company was then split into two and sold to a BMW company that is now known as Rolls Royce motor cars LTD. Rolls Royce PLC retained the right of its trademarks so it can use it to operate in the markets it does. Rolls Royce has invested a sufficient amount of money into research n development of its products and technology it uses to produce them. It also invests somewhat  £300 million a year on capital projects. In recent events Rolls Royce was awarded a contract by the ministry of defence to supply those engines for their aircrafts for the next five years, they also secured more than $1 billion worth of orders from an recent air show. b) Information required to aid managers. Managers need to plan ahead they require important information to enable them to run the day to day and future operations of the company. Depending on where your company stands in the economic market and its needs at that particular time it wants to be able to sift through information selecting what is relevant and applying it to the company. Rolls Royce understands how important it is for management data as this coupled with their knowledge and expertise helps them to maximise their operational expertise. Rolls Royce needs information such as income, expenditure and capital employed to be able to plan and prepare budgets for the future this information is very important to Rolls Royce as for example it can help them to work out any repair costs to engines being produced and how many extra components that maybe needed. Forecast is very important for Rolls Royce, as it can help them predict how many contracts they may receive and what companies to target in certain circumstances for example wars are predicted, this means the demand for military aircrafts will increase this will aid Rolls Royce to keep up with changing economic environments. Information such as pricing is also very important to Rolls Royce as they are the second largest company supplying engines to the aviation market they need to be able to set prices ahead of their competitors so they can win large contracts to stay in the game. Feedback from customers is very important not just from the customers Rolls Royce provides to but even to the extent of feedback from the public for example; emirates airlines customers expected more leg room in their planes, not only this the airline through research predicted more first class passengers if there planes where designed with more room and better bathroom facilities for the high class passengers. All this information could help Rolls Royce design and produce larger planes which require larger more complicated engines not only this it could set a new trend of better travel. 2. Management accounting techniques are necessary to run a business effectively. These techniques primarily affect costs and prices within the corporation. I. Budgeting A budget is developed to plan for the future. A company as big as Rolls Royce needs a master budget to predict costs and revenues for the year. Budgets can also be used to control stock levels, predict the amount of staff required on particular projects and how many hours they are required to work. These budgets can be compared with financial statements at the year end to see how consistent they have been in maintaining the budget and targets. Finally, budgets should include funds for investment opportunities, so when these opportunities arise Rolls Royce can take swift action for example Rolls Royce receives an order of 100 engines from an airline to be able to carry out such an order budgeting can help predict how much it may cost to produce these engines not only this but the number of new staff required. II. Benefits As I mentioned budgets can provide objectives and goals. These can motivate people to perform effectively, especially if the workforce was asked to contribute when the budget was set. Budgets can also force managers to make accurate use of Rolls Royces capital. Ultimately, Rolls Royce can organise the organisation because the budget affects all departments not just one due to business activities existing throughout the company. III. Limitation Budgets can reduce motivation in the workforce at Rolls Royce because staff will be under pressure to maintain targets of the budgets. Effects such as these result in stressful staff which may lead to them taking sick leave. Therefore, Rolls Royce will be short staffed in certain situations. A major issue that may arise due to budgets is that of conflict. Conflict can be good and bad in a workforce. In the case of Rolls Royce there might be departments arguing about unfair resources allocation, which is bad conflict. Therefore, if targets are not met, departments will blame each other and this will result in more conflict and a poor organisational culture. Budgets can encourage managers to overestimate costs so that they are not blamed if there is any overspending. Rolls Royce could lose out on lucrative deals if they do not budget for investment opportunities. b: I. Standard Costing Standard costing sets levels of costs and revenues which ought to be achievable when reasonable levels of performance are used, together with efficient working practices, to manufacture a product†. (Harrison, 1998:228) This management technique is very useful for Rolls Royce because they produce their own Engines. This costing method compares predetermined costs of products with actual costs incurred. Rolls Royce can calculate many variances, such as material, labour and overheads. The materials variance will show Rolls Royce how well they use their materials and how cheap they are purchasing materials. E.g. Rolls Royce budget to purchase 10,000kg of materials at  £2.00 per kg totalling to  £20,000, but really purchase 10,000kg at  £1.50 per kg totalling to  £15,000, there is a  £5000 favourable variance. This means that the purchase price of the materials was cheaper than expected. The labour variance will show the rate being paid to workers, and how efficiently the employees have been working. Finally, the overhead variances will show Rolls Royce the difference between overhead rates charged and budgeted on production. II. Benefits By setting standards Rolls Royce can identify weaknesses in the manufacturing system. This will allow them to rectify problems and produce effectively. Setting standards will also motivate people to maintain targets. If targets are not being met managers will be encouraged to review methods to reduce costs. This method represents the correct cost of a product and can inspire managers and employees to improve from year to year on saving costs. III. Limitations To have a well maintained system it will be costly for Rolls Royce but will be worthwhile. Due to prices changing frequently because of inflation, the system will need to be updated frequently which can be time consuming and therefore distracts managers/employees from production. If targets are not achieved, employees can lose motivation and this could affect the performance of the workforce. c) I. Pricing One of the most crucial decisions a company must make is the price of a product. Two main features that must be considered when setting a price on a product is the cost and revenue maximisation. There are three pricing methods; cost based pricing, going rate, and pricing policies. There are various methods of applying cost based pricing, but the most relevant for Rolls Royce is considering total costs. This method covers a profit margin and the cost of the product. This is very important to Rolls Royce as they are not the first largest company providing power systems to the aviation market by setting a price which is lower than GE Aviation its competitor they may be able to attract more contracts for example if GE Aviation Sold 20 engines at $20million Rolls Royce could sell the same amount of engines for $19.5 Million helping them achieve more sales and attract more customers. II. Benefits. Rolls Royce can benefit from cost plus pricing by many ways. Firstly, managers can set a mark up to their desire, there is no fixed limit on mark up but it must be reasonable and competitive. Baxter and Oxenfeldt (1961) state, cost plus pricing â€Å"offer a means by which plausible prices can be found with ease and speed, no matter how many products the firm handles†. (Drury, 2004:432) Finally, if all firms in the market have similar mark up and cost structures to Rolls Royce, there will be price stability, which is good for customers. Rolls Royce can benefit from the going rate because customers will buy from them due to their reputation as they operate in four different markets providing power system even though competitors will have the same price. Loss leader pricing is useful for Rolls Royce because when customers are attracted by a low price of aircraft or engine, it is almost certain that consumers will purchase a higher quantity of these systems. This compensates for the low mark up as more items are sold. III. Limitations. The main limitation of cost plus pricing is that the demand for the product is not taken into account. The going rate on products can be difficult to compare with competitors because; some companies might have lower production costs than others. Using a loss leader strategy to sell items can cause problems if you dont sell all the stock. If this occurs, prices can only be reduced further to clear out remaining stock, which subsequently leads to further losses. d) I. Long Term Decisions (Investment Appraisal) Rolls Royce will need to use investment appraisal techniques to decide whether certain investments will be worthwhile, e.g. supplying 20 Airbus A330 jets to air china. The most convenient method for these examples would be ‘payback. Payback is, â€Å"The time required for the cash inflows from a capital investment project to equal the cash outflows†. (Lucey, 2002:352) E.g. supplying air china 20 airbus A330 jets will cost  £500 million, and the turnover is  £100 million per year, therefore the payback period is 5 years. This method can also be used to decide between two investments, e.g. supplying Air China 20 Airbus A330 or supplying Singapore airlines 30 airbus A330. Depending on the payback period resulting from projected inflows and outflows, the company can decide which airline to supply too. The best choice will be the one that has the quickest payback period. II. Benefits. Payback is the most simple investment appraisal technique to calculate. This will be good for Rolls Royce when swift decisions are required. This method will be easy to understand at all levels of the company. Another benefit of this method is that it will prevent cash flow problems because money is recovered as soon as possible. III. Limitations. The major limitation of payback is that once the initial investment has been recovered, all future cash flows are ignored. This method also assumes that if the payback period is long the investment will not be successful. Hence, if Rolls Royce decides to supply engines to air china instead of Singapore airlines there will be a gradual payback period, does that mean the investment will not be successful? Finally, this method does not account for time value of money. Therefore, an investment now could be worth more in ten years. Read more: http://www.ukessays.co.uk/essays/accounting/rolls-royce-plc.php#ixzz2LvPZSk6S

Essay --

Beloved The story in Beloved authored by Toni Morrison was centered on the aftermath experience of the protagonist; Sethe as a slavery escapee. The story which defied chronology was mirrored in flashbacks. The harsh experience of slavery was still patent and the memories of bitter struggles were still haunting the characters. There was an inhibition in the ability to move on. The ruination of identity by slavery and competence of language were two vital themes in the story and would be further analyzed. Ruination of identity by slavery as theme depicted the physiological, mental and spiritual burden of slavery which is inescapable as it continues to haunt the characters like Sethe and Paul D who experienced it. Slavery was accompanied with negativity on the true identity of oneself and this made story have several situations of self-denial and estrangement. For example, Paul D was unsure of whether the wailings and tears of grief, he was feeling were coming from himself or someone else: â€Å"In the boxes the men heard the water rise in the trench and looked out for cottonmouths. They squatted in muddy water, slept above it, peed in it. Paul D thought he was screaming; his mouth was open and there was this loud throat-splitting sound--but it may have been somebody else. Then he thought he was crying. Something was running down his cheeks. He lifted his hands to wipe away the tears and saw dark brown slime†. The slaves received endured inhuman conditions which included being traded as a normal good in exchange for paper money. Paul D always questioned his worth as a human and suffered from inferiority of being insecure of whether or not he was truly a â€Å"man†. Sethe also experienced the cruelty of slavery. She once intrude... ...ry when Paul D and prison inmates from Georgia sang about their past experiences and dream; â€Å"garbling the words so they could not be understood; tricking the words so their syllables yielded up other meanings†. In another case, Stamp Paid saw through the window, two backs and went to see for himself; believing that â€Å"the undecipherable language clamoring around the house was the mumbling of the black and angry dead†. The titling of the story comes down to what is regarded as language misunderstanding. At the burial of her daughter whom killed by her hand, Sethe misunderstood the minister’s address referring to the living as â€Å"Dear beloved† and interpreted it as referencing to the dead. The meaning of words depend heavily the changing interpretation of words: figures of speech rely on the capability of words to connect and disconnect with the definitions of words.

Reflection of a Homily by Gregory the Great :: essays research papers

REFLECTION ON A HOMILY BY GREGORY THE GREAT   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Gregory’s homily it seems the congregation has trouble understanding the command of our Lord to love as He has. This entails loving even our enemies as Christ has. Yet, how do we love those who harm us? To often we believe that any harm to us demands a distorted form of justice. In other words, to give to them as we got. However, this is not the love of Christ, this is not justice, this is vengeance. So how do we love our enemies as He does? First, we must learn to seriously understand what it is to love those in family and community. If we love them seriously and fully, then we will learn to love our enemies, because loving truly has become a habit within us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is it to love our family and friends seriously? As Gregory states, â€Å"cultivate the virtue of love in tranquil times by showing mercy.† We are to extend mercy to them so that mercy maybe shown to our enemies. To extend mercy toward family and friends is to forgive the irritations they create, provide for their needs when they ask for what they want, and above all learn to give without fear and merciless condition. In doing this daily and making it a habit, then we find that our enemies are in the same needs as our friends and we can give to them as well. As we say in the Marine Corps, â€Å"The more we sweat in practice, the less we bleed in battle.† This in turn will halt our false sense of duty, which turns our love into servile obligation and therefore never to be given as the Lord has. Charity in its most ordinary form would not be so if performed perfunctorily, it would be a tit for tat and we would all become useless servants only doing what we are supposed to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yet, to prevent a false and fearful love from being given, we must learn what it is to love the Lord. How we love Him is how we would love our family, friends, and enemies. For our love to live after death and to even bring life to others, it must have the life of God within it first. This is Gregory’s thought as he interprets the scripture passage I have chosen you and appointed you to go and bring forth fruit into I have appointed you for grace.

History of 5 Bowen Road Essay

Look at any old photo of pre-1950 Hong Kong and the hillsides above the city were dotted with handsome verandah type homes like this one. From the Mid-levels up to The Peak, every successful European merchant, official, compradore or trader scrambled to put up a mansion befitting their perceived status in colonial society. This home was built in 1914 by the property company, Hongkong Land Investment and Agency Company Ltd. Its Devonian name ’Iddesleigh’ (pronounced ‘Idslee’) derived from the origins of its occupant, A Mr.  Mowbray Stafford Northcote secretary of the Hongkong Land Investment and Agency Company, who was an honorary correspondent to the magazine ‘Devonia’ and was related to the Earl of Iddesleigh. In common with many structures which were built on Hong Kong’s precipitous hillsides, the house stands on a handsome, terraced granite base. When built, the house would have had sweeping views across the harbour and its verandahs would have been open to the elements. Three-storey building built in neo-classical style, Corinthian columns, bow arch, decorated with carved eaves and rich ornate interior decoration, showing the lofty building owner socioeconomic status. The top of the building facade reflects its ornate pediment architectural style influenced by the Baroque. During the Japanese Occupation (1942-1945), this building was requisitioned as the home for the Japanese Imperial Naval commander. After liberation at the end of the Second World War, the house was occupied by the Royal Navy and it would later become the official residence of the senior RN officer in Hong Kong, the Commodore-in-Charge and has been better known as the â€Å"Commodore’s House† since 1952. In 1979, the building was handed over to the Hong Kong Government. In 1990, the building was allocated for charity Mother’s Choice Baby Nursing and residential special child care centers.

Managing Innovations and Entrepreneurship

Managing Innovations and Entrepreneurship Introduction Protection of innovation is a key element in promoting the development or growth of entrepreneurship activities. For an entrepreneur to reap from their innovative ideologies there must be adequate measures in place for preventing actions that encourage imitations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Innovations and Entrepreneurship specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Entrepreneurs can prevent imitations in various ways such as the use of standard patent, trademarks and patents among many others. This document, therefore, is going to explicate the various ways that enterprises use to prevent imitations. Standard Patent An entrepreneur can protect a method, process or device that he or she has creatively developed by acquiring patent rights (Australian government 2003). For example, cochlear company has patent rights on its ear device designed for the deaf, in various countries to protect imitations. Thi s is an effective barrier to stop others form manufacturing, reproducing of commercializing this device unless upon proper authorization by the company. Innovative patent An innovative patent protects small entrepreneurs who cannot afford standard or normal patents (Australian government 2003). This protection is suitable for businesses, which have short commercial or existence period. Considering advantages, innovative patent are reasonably inexpensive as compared to the standard patent. Additionally, innovative patents are easily obtainable and further take relatively less time to acquire. Ultimately, innovative patents offer equal level of protection as the standard patent thus similar in terms of effectiveness. Trademarks One can define a trademark as a symbol, letter, picture, logo, packaging or a combination of these aspects, which differentiates a company’s goods or services from the rest in the market (Australian government 2003). For example, the word â€Å"Coca Col a† is a trademark for the renowned beverage organization. This, therefore, means that no other organization can use this name for any other reason without obtaining consent or permission of Coca Cola organization. The advantage of a trademark is that it protects or safeguards your brand in various ways.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Design Registered designs protect an entrepreneur from imitations of his or her product outlook (Australian government 2003). Perfect examples of designs include product configurations and features. For instance, bed sheets with Ken Done designs are registered. This prevents or deters anyone from reproducing or manufacturing the same pattern or design. The use any registered design without permission is punishable legally. Copyright Copyright protects an entrepreneur’s original work such as music, art, broadcasts, literat ure, films and computer programmes (Australian government 2003). Copyright prevents anyone from unauthorized copying of another’s creative work. Some of the protected works under copyright include music, artwork, literature, drawing, poems, and novels among other material. Circuit layout rights Circuit layout right provides entrepreneurs exclusive rights to manufacture copy and commercially reproduce the original layout design of integrated circuit and microchips. Trade secrets and confidentiality This is whereby an entrepreneur maintains secrets of his or her trading activities, commodities or processes (Australian government 2003). For instance, Coca Cola organization is the only organization that knows its product recipes thus limiting assuring protection confidentiality. Conversely, organizations use trade secret when there are complications in reversing engineering process or when there is complexity enforcing intellectual properties. Explicating barriers and protection to innovation One of the most successful companies that have managed to, fully, exercise barriers in preventing imitations is Coca Cola organization (Brown Severson 2011). No person or company has ever imitated Coca Cola’s soft drink recipes. It is a trade secret and thus confidential to Coca Cola. The Coca Cola organization has also trademarked the name Coca Cola to prevent the organization from any imitation. The trade secret and confidentiality of Coca Cola’s recipes has been one of the most successful barriers or protection against imitations (Brown Severson 2011). This is because the reverse engineering of the process is extremely difficult and the combination of the ingredients maintained as top secret.  The Coca Cola brand has grown thus recognized worldwide due to the consistency of the Coca Cola soft drink (Brown Severson 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Innovations and Entrepreneurship specifically for you for o nly $16.05 $11/page Learn More Various competitors wish to imitate the brand in order to attract more potential customers the market, but often end up in vain. This clearly indicates the effectiveness of imitation barriers imposed by the company.  Intellectual property poses immense challenges in management due to its intangibility nature. Therefore, for effective management of intellectual property, it is fundamental to uphold various protection measures. For instance, keeping a catalogue of all intellectual properties registered can help provide evidence of ownership. Evaluation of the intellectual property regularly can also assist in establishing the property values thus protect then using various available and appropriate ways (Australian government 2003). The choice of barrier to use in protecting or safeguarding intellectual property will entirely depend on the nature of product or service offered by entrepreneurs. He or she must establish the suitability of that particular barrier in relation to his or her product or service. The effectiveness of a barrier on a product or a service depends on the nature of the product or service. If a barrier does not suit the product or service, then it will be ineffective in protection or safeguarding of intellectual properties. In conclusion, barriers to imitation are incredibly vital in the protection of intellectual property. This motivates entrepreneurs in developing new ideologies thus promoting innovations al every organizational level. However, there are various ways of protecting innovation; some of the ways include intellectual properties, copyright, trademarks and design (Australian government 2003). Such protection assures complete or absolute benefits of their ideologies when they commercially exploited them. Imitation barriers also help in the development of brands in the market. References Australian government, 2003, intellectual property (IP) rights at a glance, (commonwealth governm ent of Australia), Australian government, Sydney.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Australian government, 2003, IP management, (commonwealth government of Australia), Australian government, Sydney. Australian government, 2003, IP valuation, (commonwealth government of Australia), Australian government, Sydney. Brown, R Severson, K (2011), Recipe for coke? One more to add to the file, New York Times. Web.

Free Essays on Prolife

An aborted organism, this is one definition of an abortion. Look at that twice. How terrible does that sound? I can't even begin to wonder how people call themselves moral and compassionate human beings when they believe in destroying an innocent life to make their own easier. You make the choice when you choose to have sex. Some say it is ok in cases of rape or incest, because the mother did nothing wrong and did not consent to sex. This is very true, it is not ones fault who is raped. And it is not the baby's fault that it was made. It had no decision, no say, it was just created. People who argue for abortion in these cases are backwards. I always argue with friends about this issue. Their primary argument is that the fetus is not actually a human being unless it has a brain, sensory organs, or a heartbeat, which seems to be the "big question" in any abortion argument. It is a life in the lowest stage of development, but a life non-the less. Who are we to decide when it has value? An apple seed will grow into an apple tree if it is planted and given water and sunlight. The seed is in the first stage of becoming a full-grown tree, and just because it doesn't have branches or fruit yet doesn't deny the fact that it is an apple tree just in the first stage of development.... Free Essays on Prolife Free Essays on Prolife An aborted organism, this is one definition of an abortion. Look at that twice. How terrible does that sound? I can't even begin to wonder how people call themselves moral and compassionate human beings when they believe in destroying an innocent life to make their own easier. You make the choice when you choose to have sex. Some say it is ok in cases of rape or incest, because the mother did nothing wrong and did not consent to sex. This is very true, it is not ones fault who is raped. And it is not the baby's fault that it was made. It had no decision, no say, it was just created. People who argue for abortion in these cases are backwards. I always argue with friends about this issue. Their primary argument is that the fetus is not actually a human being unless it has a brain, sensory organs, or a heartbeat, which seems to be the "big question" in any abortion argument. It is a life in the lowest stage of development, but a life non-the less. Who are we to decide when it has value? An apple seed will grow into an apple tree if it is planted and given water and sunlight. The seed is in the first stage of becoming a full-grown tree, and just because it doesn't have branches or fruit yet doesn't deny the fact that it is an apple tree just in the first stage of development....

Free Essays on Slaying The Minotaur

On Slaying the Minotaur Plato’s â€Å"Phaedo† discusses many human difficulties and attempts to discover ways to overcome such difficulties. The most important deficiency is the human condition the â€Å"Phaedo† deals with concerns death and the continuation of the spirit into an afterlife. The plot centers around Socrates and two of his fourteen students who are present named Cebes and Simmias. Socrates, throughout the dialogue, undertakes a task attempting to deny the time where people are most human, the point of death. Socrates tries to show his students an avenue to salvation through a philosophic life. This essay outlines Socrates arguments attempting to overcome and solve the human fear of a final death. Socrates willingly accepts death, but Cebes and Simmias are unhappy about his death. The two don’t understand death as Socrates does; they are not on his level. Cebes and Simmias worry they will die without the comprehension of death Socrates possesses. They are emotionally attached to Socrates and fear death. Socrates must wean both Simmias and Cebes from their attachment to him and to show them not to fear death. Therefore, Socrates must set an example for not only those two, but also for others who fear death and he declares, â€Å"I should make my defense against these charges just as in the Law of court† (63B). To calm those fears Socrates gives a speech declaring that at death the Soul completely separates from the body. Socrates puts emphasis on the soul because the body is dying; he recognizes the body and raises the soul. To accomplish his mission Socrates employs three arguments, that of contraries and that from recollection, followed by his â€Å"se cond sailing†. In the argument of contraries Socrates states, â€Å"let’s investigate whether it’s necessary for whatever has some contrary to be from no where else but from its own contrary† (70E). He uses the examples of opposites such as little to... Free Essays on Slaying The Minotaur Free Essays on Slaying The Minotaur On Slaying the Minotaur Plato’s â€Å"Phaedo† discusses many human difficulties and attempts to discover ways to overcome such difficulties. The most important deficiency is the human condition the â€Å"Phaedo† deals with concerns death and the continuation of the spirit into an afterlife. The plot centers around Socrates and two of his fourteen students who are present named Cebes and Simmias. Socrates, throughout the dialogue, undertakes a task attempting to deny the time where people are most human, the point of death. Socrates tries to show his students an avenue to salvation through a philosophic life. This essay outlines Socrates arguments attempting to overcome and solve the human fear of a final death. Socrates willingly accepts death, but Cebes and Simmias are unhappy about his death. The two don’t understand death as Socrates does; they are not on his level. Cebes and Simmias worry they will die without the comprehension of death Socrates possesses. They are emotionally attached to Socrates and fear death. Socrates must wean both Simmias and Cebes from their attachment to him and to show them not to fear death. Therefore, Socrates must set an example for not only those two, but also for others who fear death and he declares, â€Å"I should make my defense against these charges just as in the Law of court† (63B). To calm those fears Socrates gives a speech declaring that at death the Soul completely separates from the body. Socrates puts emphasis on the soul because the body is dying; he recognizes the body and raises the soul. To accomplish his mission Socrates employs three arguments, that of contraries and that from recollection, followed by his â€Å"se cond sailing†. In the argument of contraries Socrates states, â€Å"let’s investigate whether it’s necessary for whatever has some contrary to be from no where else but from its own contrary† (70E). He uses the examples of opposites such as little to...

Family Value Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family Value Paper - Essay Example In this essay I will examine how families promote the health of their members and how nurses can use families to help improve the health of hospital-bound patients. Family can have many definitions but it usually refers to immediate relations such as a mother, father, brother, sister, spouse or child. All of the individuals through their love of one another can provide maximum support and encouragement to a patient. They can also provide a standard of care that it may not be possible for even the most well-trained nurse to provide. Because of this important fact and because of the role of nurses in coordinating a patient’s care, it is important for nurses to communicate clearly and compassionately to family members. But there is more a nurse can do. Nurses can actually train family members to provide basic care to patients and to provide help to nursing staff at difficult times. Although a nurse will have the final responsibility for the care a patient gets from the hospital—and it is important for nurses to stay at the centre of this web—by communicating and â€Å"deputizing† family members, nurses can maximize the quality of care a patient receives. While doing this, it is important to always keep the patient’s best interests at heart. Although the majority of family members are caring and have good intentions towards their relations it is also possible some family members may increase a patient’s stress levels or be generally detrimental to a patient’s health. This is surely one of the most difficult situations for a nurse: deciding who can and can’t see a patient. Although some family members will claim unlimited access to a patient, nurses must decide what is appropriate and what is not. They perceived nurses as providers of technical care and they perceived themselves as having an important role in providing social and emotional care. Families

In House Payroll or Outsourcing Payroll Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

In House Payroll or Outsourcing Payroll - Essay Example The identifying of two alternatives for pay roll administering was done and the recommendations for picking up one were done according to the needs of the management of NB enterprises. Recommendations were made keeping in view the size of the NB enterprises. The requirements for the option chosen were also mentioned with time bound plan to execute the decision taken. What is Pay roll: Payroll can be termed as a list of employees who receive regular pay from the organization. It is a system through which the employees of an organization are paid. The salary structure, schedules of tax, benefits, allowances, pay frequency and pay dates are the internal parts of the payroll structure If the system is computerized it can be understood as the process that was used by a company to process and pay the salaries of the workers and employees. 1 Identification of two alternatives for maintaining the pay rolls: The pay roll administration can be done in two different ways. First one is to have a payroll Unit in the company which administers over the payments of the employees and prepares the lists regarding the pays and advances. The other method is to outsource all the activities regarding the payments and advances of the employees to company which offers computerised pay roll administration. The outsourcing company renders the needed services as a final output, which depends on the information supplied by the company. According to Vanessa Robinson1 a resourcing adviser, the outsourcing of Pay rolls will give more time to HR personnel to concentrate more on the strategic roles that increase or enhance the performance of the organisation. Some of the advantages are listed as follows: 1. It may reduce costs, but the cost benefit must be analysed by cost effectiveness of other processes. 2. There is a chance to outsource the work to a company having higher expertise in the field of pay roll work. 3. The values of HR can be increased by decreasing the burden of pay roll from the department. The HR department can concentrate more on policy and decision making. 4. The rapid growth in organisation is capable of leaving HR department in a freezing position. This situation can be avoided by outsourcing the pay roll to a payroll bureau. The precautions that should be followed and the disadvantages in outsourcing the pay roll work. 1. The need of outsourcing must be identified accurately. The functions that are suitable for outsourcing differ from company to company. 2. The foremost thing is estimating the cost effectiveness of the outsourcing. If it is not cost effective, it is better to rethink about it. 3. Along with pay roll, some other services like tax effectiveness also must be outsourced in case of outsourcing of pay roll. 4. The level up to which the service has to be outsourced must be estimated accurately. 5. The information supplied to the company to which we outsource the work must be accurate to ensure that the output will be correct. 6. The cost of the service and the time for the services are offered for that price should also be mentioned in the pact. 7. The time allotted to the outsourcing process should be significant to avoid the negligence of staff/manager relationships. Disadvantages of outsourcing the pay roll The details of expenditure on salary and tax encumbrances will be revealed to others. The policy decisions that are taken to avoid tax restrictions on pay rolls must be conveyed to the company. Though the process

Class 6310 week 5 posts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Class 6310 week 5 posts - Assignment Example It is that kind of courage that most people lack and especially being the first time (Bradshaw and Lowenstein, 2011). I do not understand whether the two scenarios you have described were challenging or unsatisfactory please clarify and answer according to the guideline questions. I cannot understand why you gave Wanna high marks on evaluation if her teaching as you explained was not that good. Is that not being of double standards, untruthful, unjust and even unfair, in short being unethical? (Billings & Halstead, 2012) You must have been really frustrated and tired from overworking and having an uncooperative tutor who is favoring others. Since the tutor was unethical in not being fair by having favoritism which did more harm than good, why didn’t you take immediate action as a group and report the matter immediately to the supervisor even if it was anonymously if you were afraid of repercussions? (Boyer,

Hydrographic Surveying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hydrographic Surveying - Essay Example Since then the science has evolved from a crude form of conjecture to a fairly accurate predictive one. This paper prepares a report form of investigation in which the implications of converting hydrographic surveying based on single-beam echo sounders to multiple-beam ones shall be studied and considered in detail to assess feasibility and functional efficacy with particular reference to Medway Ports, UK. To initiate this noble venture it is first necessary to study a little of Medway Port, Kent, UK, especially in detail to its known navigation features. The Medway Ports authorities define the Medway River as one of the principal trade arteries of the United Kingdom with particular utility to the South East of England through which this river flows before ending into the sea strategically near to the English Channel and the North Sea (Overview, Medway Ports, 2007). This proximal position to two main European trade routes, the port's efficient functionality and its easy accessibility to its hinterland by road, rail and water has eventually evolved it into a port of choice for many export and import operators. Cargoes such a fresh produce, forest products, new vehicles and steel and containers pass through it to and fro British soil (Overview, Medway Ports, 2007). Actually, the... Actually, the Medway Ports authority is a statutory one and is responsible for a 27 mile stretch of water that is a combination of the Medway and Swale rivers. The authority is responsible for maintaining the rivers and for providing and coordinating pilotage and vessel traffic services to ensure safety of all river users including pleasure boat ones (Overview, Medway Ports, 2007). The Ports are mainly a combination of the Sheerness and Chatham docks (Peel Ports Group, Medway Ports, 2007). Britain's first LNG handling terminal was constructed at the Isle of Grain within the Ports complex (Peel Ports Group, Medway Ports, 2007). Pilotage services provided by the Ports authorities are compulsory for vessels of 50 metres and above in length. The Medway Conservancy Board has taken over hydrographic surveying of the Medway Ports system from the Royal Navy Hydrographic Inshore Squadron since the 1960s. Presently, it has tow crafts at its service - the 18.9 metre Medway Surveyor that surveys the main reaches of the Medway and the deeper offshore waters and the 6 metre Medway Recorder which surveys the berths and shallower waters. Both vessels have permanently installed echo sounders that can also work as side scan sonar recorders (Hydrographic Service, Medway Navigation Service, 2007). It is assumed that the echo-sounders are all single beam ones.Hydrographic Surveying Hydrographic surveying is undertaken in two types of operational locations - oceanic or relatively deeper offshore waters and relatively shallower inshore waters. As has already been evidenced with Medway Ports, the former locations are usually surveyed by larger survey ships like the Medway Surveyor and the latter locations by smaller

International Commercial Disputes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International Commercial Disputes - Essay Example (Armstrong, K; Fire of Asia; Allied Publication; 2004; page 98) Commercial dispute arbitration on an international scale would entail interesting specifics. The Encyclopaedia Britannica would state that the art of international arbitration began between the United States and Great Britain approximately in the year 1794 in order for America to build a sound national economy and ensure commercial prosperity. The pursuit of international negotiations led to the creation of the Jay Treaty. This treaty, regardless of its extremely controversial nature and the nation's outrage, passed the senate at President Washington's urging. Commercial dispute arbitration, as can be seen just in early American developments, would in fact bring interesting considerations to light. The evolution of commercial dispute arbitration has in fact become something of an incredible undertaking. This would be undeniable in light of the vast number of often daily changes involved in international business relations and political and social contexts worldwide. In the realm of judgments managed in arbitral situations the International Law Association, which was founded in 1873 utilizes definitions of public policy including international public policy and public policy. Public policy would be those moral, social or economic considerations which would in fact be applied by various courts as grounds for refusal to enforce arbitral awards whether they are domestic or foreign. International public policy would in fact be public policy applied by state courts in regard to foreign awards in place of domestic awards. This is a much narrower focus than public policy would be. Yet again, there is reason to clarify that international public policy should not be confused with what i s known as transnational public policy. (Gower, N D and Banerjee, S; Good Governance: a Look into the Future of International balance; Alliance Publishers; 2004; page 12) Transnational, or in most cases, truly international public policy would be those principles that represent international consensus in regard to universal standards and includes accepted norms of conduct which must always apply. Transnational public policy comprises the fundamental rules of law, jus cogens in public international law, the principles of universal justice, and the general principles of morality accepted by those nations referred to as "civilised." The various conventions in regard to international law would be the New York Convention of 1958, the Geneva Convention of 1927, the Panama Convention of 1975, the Riyadh Convention in 1983, and the 1965 Washington Convention. There have been various national laws to affect arbitration including the UNCITRAL Model Law, the OHADA Uniform Act, and state legislation. The UNCITRAL Model Law would owe its origins to a request the Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee made in 1977. The reasoning behind the development of UNCITRAL would be a consideration by the Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee which maintained there was a lack of uniformity in national courts approaches to award enforcement. This is where harmonisation of enforcement practices was necessary in States enforcement practices. The committee also concluded that there must be judicial control of the

Hydrographic Surveying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hydrographic Surveying - Essay Example Since then the science has evolved from a crude form of conjecture to a fairly accurate predictive one. This paper prepares a report form of investigation in which the implications of converting hydrographic surveying based on single-beam echo sounders to multiple-beam ones shall be studied and considered in detail to assess feasibility and functional efficacy with particular reference to Medway Ports, UK. To initiate this noble venture it is first necessary to study a little of Medway Port, Kent, UK, especially in detail to its known navigation features. The Medway Ports authorities define the Medway River as one of the principal trade arteries of the United Kingdom with particular utility to the South East of England through which this river flows before ending into the sea strategically near to the English Channel and the North Sea (Overview, Medway Ports, 2007). This proximal position to two main European trade routes, the port's efficient functionality and its easy accessibility to its hinterland by road, rail and water has eventually evolved it into a port of choice for many export and import operators. Cargoes such a fresh produce, forest products, new vehicles and steel and containers pass through it to and fro British soil (Overview, Medway Ports, 2007). Actually, the... Actually, the Medway Ports authority is a statutory one and is responsible for a 27 mile stretch of water that is a combination of the Medway and Swale rivers. The authority is responsible for maintaining the rivers and for providing and coordinating pilotage and vessel traffic services to ensure safety of all river users including pleasure boat ones (Overview, Medway Ports, 2007). The Ports are mainly a combination of the Sheerness and Chatham docks (Peel Ports Group, Medway Ports, 2007). Britain's first LNG handling terminal was constructed at the Isle of Grain within the Ports complex (Peel Ports Group, Medway Ports, 2007). Pilotage services provided by the Ports authorities are compulsory for vessels of 50 metres and above in length. The Medway Conservancy Board has taken over hydrographic surveying of the Medway Ports system from the Royal Navy Hydrographic Inshore Squadron since the 1960s. Presently, it has tow crafts at its service - the 18.9 metre Medway Surveyor that surveys the main reaches of the Medway and the deeper offshore waters and the 6 metre Medway Recorder which surveys the berths and shallower waters. Both vessels have permanently installed echo sounders that can also work as side scan sonar recorders (Hydrographic Service, Medway Navigation Service, 2007). It is assumed that the echo-sounders are all single beam ones.Hydrographic Surveying Hydrographic surveying is undertaken in two types of operational locations - oceanic or relatively deeper offshore waters and relatively shallower inshore waters. As has already been evidenced with Medway Ports, the former locations are usually surveyed by larger survey ships like the Medway Surveyor and the latter locations by smaller

Analysis of Boeing Aircraft Companys supply chain management Research Paper

Analysis of Boeing Aircraft Companys supply chain management - Research Paper Example government in 1978 as well as the European Union’s adoption of a mutual airspace, the airline industry has witnessed even worse situations. Recently, a large number of low carriers have penetrated the airline market globally. It is also securing the departure of legacy carriers, which have been regarded as household names for the past few decades (Topham, 2013). In the past three decades, the airline industry has grown at a steady pace, and is forecasted to do so in the coming future. RPK (revenue passenger kilometers), an indicator of a passenger paying for a single kilometer has grown threefold in the last thirty years. Most of the forecasts pertaining to the industry today reveal that both RPK’s as well as revenue ton kilometers, which represents the RPK’s freight version will double from the expected GDP growth of 3 percent (TradeGov, 2009). Presently, the large commercial aircraft (LCA) fleet, which is airplanes having more than 300 seats and over is approximately 16,000 and rising. The anticipated capacity to cope with the growth in traffic by the year 2023 is about 35,000. About 70 percent of these airplanes are nonexistent and will be produced by Boeing, Airbus, as well as other companies in the LCA industry. With respect to the present list prices, the aircrafts will demand additional buildup of assets amounting to approximately $1.6 trillion (TradeGov, 2009) (U.S.InternationalTradeCommission, 2009). This paper will undertake an analysis of the Boeing Aircraft Company based on its supply chain management. The LCA industry serves as the major supplier of assets for the airline industry. The major competitors in this case include Boeing Company and Airbus S.A.S. the two companies are offered support by their respective governments in diverse ways. This situation is indicative of the airline industry’s national flag carriers. The assistance that the government provides to these companies in characteristic of two major factors. Firstly,

Pericles Funeral Oration Essay Example for Free

Pericles Funeral Oration Essay I do not think that everything Pericles said in his funeral Oration was true. Pericles goes on and on about how great the Athens city-state had become a strong democratic government. â€Å"He also talks about how they accept everyone into their city-state and give them the same rights as the Athens people regardless if they are foreigners†. â€Å"Pericles even compares his city-state to that of the Spartans; while using slanderous and defaming words to describe their culture†. Pericles believes from reading his Oration that the Athens are better people because of their equally of all in their city state and the freedom they have given their people. Pericles fails to see the contradiction in the culture and in the oration of the Speech he gives about the Athens way of life and this is because he is biased towards the men. Obviously everyone being equal is not true because woman is not equal to men and is certainly not treated as equals. â€Å"Pericles states himself that it is better for woman to never be spoken of whether it is glory or criticism†. He states that a woman’s place is in her home, the only jobs that are available to women are to bare children and to maintain the household, other than that everything else only a man should and could do. The fact that women are treated differently proves that the Athens were not a democratic state their laws to provide fairness to all the people were only catered to the males not the females. The Athens had a negative attitude towards woman and how they should be treated, Pericles seemed almost disgusted to even have to address woman in his speech and when he did he had nothing positive to say about them. Pericles exaggerates in his oration. He depicts a perfect picture of what the Athens society is thought to be, as if the people and the law have no imperfections that need to be spoken of. He illustrates a great city-state with no flaws but then continues to describe and speak of women as if they were not human and discrimination against them was normal. Pericles was in mourning and wanted to give the dead soldiers and their families and all the people of the city-state the honor and confidence they needed to continue on with the war so he exaggerated, he did not want to dishonor the soldier with his words so he chose to speak of their culture and everything they stood for. Coming from a leader’s perspective I think the ideology may be slightly off but much of it was true from the Athens culture and society.

Orphaned Children In Iran Young People Essay

Orphaned Children In Iran Young People Essay As in any society, in Iran, children are the most vulnerable members of society. It is the duty of a civil society to protect and nurture young life. Most societies do this through enforceable laws that are meant to set societal standards for the treatment of children, as well as provide enforcement measures when those societal standards are breached. These standards are usually conceived as rights. When a childs rights are abrogated, they are considered vulnerable to additional poor outcomes and social predations. (Hekmat, Community of supporting the orphaned children, 2007) Contrary to the common definition of the word orphan, Iranian orphans and street children are often not without living parents. The parents of many street children are drug addicts. Others are jobless immigrants or refugees, and still others give birth to numerous children simply to exploit them for work. (Reza Shajiee, Factors of Cognitive levels of career success among Orphaned Students in Mashhad, 2009) Definition of Orphan should be changed from not having parents or any guardian. We live in a world that children might be better off in the worst orphan housing than living at home. Parents working two shifts and even 3 shifts to survive are their children experiencing any care?! Talking about Iran not just those kids left without guardian and parents end up in the streets and being called orphans, but those who have proper parents they are asked to get out and leave school to help house expenses. (Reza Shajiee, Factors of Cognitive levels of career success among Orphaned Students in Mashhad, 2009) Just recently a mother interviewed from the city of Irak (very industrial and well being city close to Tehran). She said they both (father and her) were working and good job as highly technical work in factory but they had to send their 12 years boy to Tehran to work. Other report from the chief police authority in Tehran said that any kid not just girls but boys as well after they end up to streets after 48 hours become sexually abused. The mother knew all about the situation and sound very educated women and the father had very highly technical job in one of famous factory in Iran. As I said Orphan definition has changed from Charles Dickens time. We are facing completely with different situation and needs different solution. (Dr.Abdollah Shafi Abadi, Career Guiding and Counseling, 2009) The Situation of Orphaned Children in Iran and Their Career: Street children live in abandoned buildings, containers, automobiles, parks, or on the street itself. The children who sleep on cardboard on the sidewalks, in parks, or in vacant and dilapidated buildings are often considered luckier than those who remain at home with exploitative parents. (http://www.iranpa.org/Seminar_Articles_Title.aspx?SeminarID) Determining the numbers of street children and orphans in Iran is a virtual impossibility. Suffice it to say that they number in the thousands. In a 2005 report by the U.S. State Department, by the Iranian governments own admission, 60,000 street children were accounted for in Iran. Numerous child rights organizations suspect that the number is substantially higher, citing figures of 200,000 or more. Of this number, about 55 percent are the children of Afghan refugees. A majority of the remaining street children are the offspring of mixed-nationality families, single parents or gypsies. While statistics report between 25,000 and 30,000 children who are forced to live and work in the streets and sweatshops of the city, Tehran is not the only place where children suffer the indignities of homelessness. ( Abolghasem Akbari, Academic and Career Adjustment, 2007), (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_Day#Iran), (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_children) Though a half a century has passed since Declaration of the Rights of the Child, the situation for the children of Iran has reached an unprecedented low. (Reza Nasseri, Farzaneh Taheri ,Theories of counseling and psychotherapy in Iran, 2008) Though Iran is sitting on the worlds second largest oil reserves, due to a fundamentally corrupt political and socio-economic system of government, it fails to provide the most essentials needs of children. Today, the term orphanage has negative connotations. Other alternative names are group home, childrens home, rehabilitation center and youth treatment center. (Dr.Rahmatollah Nouripoor, Students with Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 2007) Serving Charity is an international interfaith non-profit organization based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Its mission is to serve the poor through charity and selfless service. Mother Teresa of Calcutta is expressed to be the sole inspiration for the organization and all of its initiatives. Serving Charity was founded in 2003 by Abbas Jahangiri. He is also the current owner of the historical music venue el Mocambo and other companies. Serving Charity is entirely run by volunteers. It resides and is primarily supported by the revenue from the el Mocambo. The organization has charity projects in seven countries; Canada, India, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Germany, Iran, and Vietnam. (Dr.Shideh Abedi, Informed choice of job, 2008) In fact, in Iran there is not enough support for orphaned children. They dont have many facilities in their rooms. They may suffer from different diseases. Of course, it is the responsibility of the government to care about them; however, sometimes it becomes less serious than anything else. (http://www.behzisti.ir/news/Show.aspx?id=9226) Abol-Hassan Faqih, head of the State Welfare Organization, stating that the bill would be reviewed adoption, he said: 20 thousands of orphaned children are now living in the country and about five thousands children who are qualified for giving to families are applying for. Faqih added: Seven thousand families are in turn for taking the children but due to legal problems annually to 800 children are given to these families. Welfare Organization Leader stating that the best place to serve the needy in society, said: Considering employment and housing comrade under the cover of the priorities of this organization. (http://www.cnwn.net/dastavard.htm), (http://www.resalat-news.com/Fa/?code=32915) He added: If the land is supplied in the provinces and cities, there is no limit to the housing credit allocation comrade there. Welfare chief added: This year 12 thousand residential units with 500 billion rials for the disabled credit are made.He credits that the value of housing compared with last year is 10 times moreFaqih added: After this legislation in the past two years, 435 disabled with college education were employed in government departments countries. He expressed that in the first phase of justice; 963 thousand of stock Welfare families received justice, and said: In the second stage 400 to 500 thousand shares will receive justice. Leader pointed out that last years health insurance coverage was 100 percent comrade in the country, and said: This year complementary treatment for disabled insurance runs. Welfare chief declared: to prevent disability in the community, families with a disabled child are free to experiment for not witnessed the birth of another handicapped c hild. Community Leader announced of buying 160 babies hearing polls machines in the country, and said: Two years ago, only 16 machines in the country had eudiometry. Welfare chief added: 450 thousand disabled people in the country are waiting to receive services in turn in the organization. Scholar stating that a million and 50 thousand cases have been disabled in the country, he said: 600 thousand of them are covered by Social Welfare. (Reza Nasseri, Farzaneh Taheri ,Theories of counseling and psychotherapy in Iran, 2008) The Role of Government and Other Organizations in Giving Orphaned Children Job Opportunities: The government is trying to provide more opportunities for orphaned children to have jobs or work in different institutes. In fact, they start to have an experience of working in their home centre. Boys and girls are given choices according to their interests. Their field of teaching is not the same, and they are separate from each other. Boys can learn some careers such as Typesetting, carpenter, repairing vehicles, and so on. However, girls can work in another fields including:tailoring, cook, secretary, and so on. (Reza Shajiee, Factors of Cognitive levels of career success among Orphaned Students in Mashhad, 2009) In Iran, Childrens day is celebrated on October 8. In this celebration, children are allowed to display all the things that they have made themselves. By this way, they are encouraged to work harder and show their abilities to people. In this day, most of the people from different places come to visit orphaned children. Sometimes they spend more money for them to buy a souvenir from them. So this can be a way to earn money. (Dr.Rahmatollah Nouripoor, Students with Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 2007), (Dr.Rahmatolah Nouripoor, What Job is related to our Personalities? ,2008) Empowerment is not a program that happens in a moment and a specific time but is a process that happens during the time and continued to occur. Former Head of Office family issues says: to achieve empowerment we must move step by step to reach the desired result. (Reza Shajiee, Factors of Cognitive levels of career success among Orphaned Students in Mashhad, 2009) Hamid Reza Alvand emphasized that positive movements have done in the past years in enabling the children under the supervision of organization, he continues: In this regard, the Office Organization have emphasized on improving educational status of children, and was compiled in discussions based on the Quran and Islamic teachings, religious culture, and life skills education issues seriously. (Dr.Rahmatollah Nouripoor, Students with Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 2007), (Dr.Rahmatolah Nouripoor, What Job is related to our Personalities? ,2008) He refers to cooperative groups of children living in homes of children and adolescents and says: formation of cooperative groups and access to relatively stable employment of children, is the concerns and goals of organization offices in the provinces of the country and diligently follow the plan but the plan in this year is continued to implement by changing the look and format of the defined programs. ( Dr.Rahmatollah Nouripoor, Students with Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 2007), (Dr.Rahmatolah Nouripoor, What Job is related to our Personalities? ,2008) He also mentions this period, which children live under the supervision of organization, a Gold Period, because its a gold time that children can learn life skills for the continuing life. He emphasizes that it lasts very quickly, and children should spend their time on educational factories and some workshops. Alvand announced that learning one professional skill is one of the base programs of Empowerment Project under the supervision of childrens organizations, and says: This year, all children who are age 15 and older must have a form of professional skills and children who live at home and with Families also must be familiar with computer skill. (Dr.Rahmatollah Nouripoor, Students with Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 2007), (Dr.Rahmatolah Nouripoor, What Job is related to our Personalities? ,2008) He points out on other skills in childrens empowerment project, and says: All children residing in homes and centers for children and adolescents must exercise one of the basic disciplines (athletics, swimming and gymnastics) to learn. Alvand emphasizes that basic sports are very effective in developing the physical and mental health. He continues that by improving the level of physical and mental health can help children in entering to the community and cause empowerment of their social and individual interactions. It also can increase their self-confidence and safety against dangers or social damages. (Dr.Rahmatollah Nouripoor, Students with Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 2007), (Dr.Rahmatolah Nouripoor, What Job is related to our Personalities? ,2008) The third skill in empowerment of children in the organization is learning the second language. Alvand says: all the children here have to learn one of the international languages and it is going to be compulsory in the organization. The next thing is a powerful observation on childrens education. The aim is to increase their scientific and educational level of them and implement high academic qualifications. Of course all these skills can be gained through group working and the main goal of the organization is to make these children independent in the society. (Dr.Rahmatollah Nouripoor, Students with Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 2007), (Dr.Rahmatolah Nouripoor, What Job is related to our Personalities? ,2008) The former head of organization mentions that development in child care programs, decreasing the family centers, strengthening the Special Forces deployed in children and youth homes, consultations for adopting children and preparation of houses andwere the Programs in the current years agenda that will be the Office programs in the coming year too. (Dr.Rahmatollah Nouripoor, Students with Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 2007), (Dr.Rahmatolah Nouripoor, What Job is related to our Personalities? ,2008) Currently 477 centers have circadian activity in the country. Alvand says: Of these, 350 centers are non-governmental and 127 are governmental Centre to be run. When we look carefully at this case we will only result in a conclusion that working in this place is by love and social welfare service to the community, especially orphaned children is the main target. In fact it shows the responsibilities and concerns of managers and employees in the organization. (http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,107108,00.html), (Abolghasem Akbari, Academic and Career Adjustment, 2007) Children Welfare Organization is responsible for the later stages of children for material and spiritual support. For this purpose these are the supports from the organization: 1- Pay for professional training 2 Payment of capital and employment of children working 3 Payment of medical expenses 4 Providing living essentials 5 Providing housing allowance 6 Providing facilities for married girls 7 Support other unforeseen

Sleepwalking :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Sleepwalking Many people have heard of sleepwalking and even know about symptoms that surround the disorder, but is there more to the story than just waking up during the night and wandering around in an unaware state? What actually causes someone to sleepwalk? To try to understand the answers to these questions it is important to understand not only what kind of disorder it is, but who has the disorder, how frequently it occurs, what the symptoms are, as well as what the treatments are. By exploring these areas, it may be possible to better understand the disorder as well as dispel old notions about it. The Parasomnias are disorders that intrude into the sleep process and create disruptive sleep-related events. Arousal disorders are parasomnia disorders presumed to be due to an abnormal arousal mechanism. These arousals occur when a person is in a mixed state of being both asleep and awake, generally coming from the deepest stage of nondreaming sleep, stages 3 and 4. This means a person is awake enough to act out complex behaviors but still asleep and not aware or able to remember these actions (1). One of the most common types of arousal disorders is somnambulism, more commonly known as sleepwalking. Somnambulism affects children much more regularly than adults. In fact, sleepwalking affects approximately 1% to 17% of children and is more frequently seen in boys. Interestingly, 15% of children aged 5-12 years sleepwalk at least once, but only 3-6% sleepwalk more than once (5). It has been noted that the incidence of sleepwalking decreases with age. Although the exact prevalence of sleepwalking in adults is not known, it is estimated to be as high as 10%.(4). It has also been noted that those individuals who start to sleepwalk as adults are more prone to serious problems with it. Because it is found more commonly in children, who are undergoing many physical and chemical changes, if it is seen to start in adults it is thought to be linked to mental disturbances other than fatigue or anxiety. However, mental disturbances can be present without counting as a symptom(3). No one seems to know exactly what the cause of somnambulism is, but there are theories that have been suggested. Once asleep, it is thought that the part of the brain that controls muscle function is aroused and the "sleepwalker" begins to move even though he or she is still asleep (2).

Alcoholism :: essays research papers

Alcoholism I woke up from coma wondering what had happened to me. "I am going to die, what have I done to myself." "Does my mother know?" She will kill me. "I am so SCARED!" Most kids my age, who only had their grandma and grandpa never knew what it was like to have a great-grandmother. Not only was she the best great grandma but she also played the role of a mother. To me I consider her to be an angel sent from heaven, to show some of us a few lessons about life. Her name was Josephine Catalici, an Italian woman born in Naples, Italy in 1906. She died this past summer. She was about 5'5" and very beautiful. She was good hearted, gentle, devoted, and open handed in everything she did. Josephine was always out to help someone in need. She considered other people to be first priority. She was the type of person who was almost perfect, always pleasing someone else and making one feel proud of themselves. My great-grandmother was the type of person to bring out the best in everyone. As a child, I needed that because my home had its ups and downs. My parents were separated and I had been living with my mother. She was a young parent and did things that most mother did not. For instance, as a child she would leave me alone and sometimes physically abuse me. Therefore, I sometimes had a hard time understanding why she treated me so differently. On the other hand, I always received my explanations from my great-grandmother whom I called â€Å" Mema†. I am not the only individual who considered her to be this type of caring person. Everyone that had known her, thought she was remarkable. Unfortunately, she started getting ill and during her times of need, I took care of her. in this time frame I knew that she was going to leave me soon. I was fourteen and dealing with a lot of changes in my life. I wish Josephine did not have to be one of those changes. Although, she was, but the good thing, is that she died without suffering. She was never afraid of death because she considered it to be another continuation of life. However, I could not deal with the pain of being without my great-grandmother. I am now in eighth grade, not too happy to be here. But I know that I have to go to school. I felt like nothing. My mother will not stop beating me. I don't want to live anymore.

Learning Team Reflection Week Essay

The week prior we reflected on how to succeed at team building, conflict in the team work, different tip on team collaborations, and conflict skills that make a difference in the work place and in your team. As we all collaborated on our issues and thoughts about how these are used in our work place these issues different issues began show to also show up as we work together as a group complete or different assignment, the different conflict that we all face, how we work together to work those differences out and how we can overcome those optical and the roles that each of us play or even take to make sure that we are getting the job done. How to succeed at team building Team building is the one of the most important reason why organizations succeed or fail. One of the biggest barriers to building a successful team is the lack of investment by an organization in team development, whether that investment comes in the form of time or money. Building a thriving team is hard work and time consuming, which can pose a challenge for business leaders today as they want a return on their investment too quickly. It takes the commitment of the organization, team leadership, and team members to build winning teams without it the organization is dam to fail. When building a strong successful team focus of the six keys point that can assists in team bulding1. Develop employees on the right job, 2. Look to your leaders, 3. Assess the team, 4 Create a culture of engagement, 5. Give team what they need, 6. Establish conditions for success; with these six points can assist with a build a strong foundation a great team. CONFLICT IN WORK TEAMS Modern business etiquette has, for the most part, kept working together within a corporation very civil and relaxed. We have many different ways of relieving tension and conflict between workers, however it does still occur, even in ways which we do not immediately realize. Conflict can be something obvious and overt, such as an argument or companywide competition. However it can also be something much less obvious, an undiscussed bit of competition between two people, and one may simply wish to get a project done a few minutes before the other person, maybe they are each vying for a promotion or raise. It is very difficult to immediately spot issues like these, usually because the people involved do not ever speak of it, however as a manager, it is important to closely monitor morale and actions by the employees. It is also important to be able to spot how certain differences or changes to the work load, or new policies and events may create conflict between workers before and after it has been implemented. Tips on Team Collaboration Team collaboration can be both very helpful and successful or it can be very negative and waste each team member’s time. Often times, in team collaborations, one or two of the group members become overly dominant and when they speak their opinions or ideas the rest of the team just agrees with them and the brainstorming stage is over. Some tips to team collaboration that can assist in making the team successful is to first, before any work has been started, determine what the overall objective is. Ensure that each team member can answer the question, â€Å"Why are we here?† This will put each member on the same page. Secondly, make sure that each team members voice and opinions are heard and respected. Sometimes people are afraid to speak their ideas because they are afraid of the reaction they will receive, if there are team members that do not appear to be involved in brainstorming, the next idea is to have each member write their ideas out on a piece of paper. Once each person has written down their ideas the team leader can either verbally read each idea or write them on a white board for the team to see and review. Conflict skills that make a difference  conclusion Reference http://www.trilliumteams.com/articles/41/what-makes-teams-succeed

Gamefowl Breeder

The establishment or â€Å"fixing† of such characteristics Is accomplished by repeated Infusions of those heartsickness without concern for genealogical purity or so called breed names. All which follows is merely an expansion and development of those principles. Throughout the following pages you will find the pronoun â€Å"l† used frequently. It Is strictly a style of writing. An informal conversation style, as If we were talking together, which makes for easier reading and clearer understanding.Definitely it is not a â€Å"know it all† attitude or any desire to pose as an authority. Rather it represents an honest expression of opinion based upon my own experiences. – Narragansett Chapter 1 The Uncertainties of Breeding The transmission of hereditary characteristics is beyond the comprehension of mankind. Our greatest scientists have identified, classified, named, and theorized upon the numerous factors involved, yet have never been able to create a livi ng organism or to predict with certainty what the various elements in combination would produce.Accordingly, it is no wonder that the most scientific practices result in failure, whereas an obscure and Improbable combination occasionally produces phenomenal results. An example of the latter comes to mind: (a) The Berg Blue Muffs which first were produced by a 16-year-old boy from a wild combination of game fowl. (b) The world's champion harness horse, Peter Manning, which was sired by an obscure young stallion mated to a slab sided mare which Warren Wright hitched to his wagon while delivering his yeast cakes. C) The Thomas W, Murphy family of â€Å"Abraham† fowl which resulted from a stolen nest mating of an unknown cook and a stray hen which hatched and raised her brood of chicks upon the grounds of Mr.. Murphy's neighbor, Abraham Strauss. Hence the name Abraham. These are but a few examples, no doubt you can enumerate many more. They are what I call â€Å"lottery ticketâ €  mating. You buy a lottery ticket for 50 cents and win a thousand dollars. Occasionally. But it can be done and has been done. It is the breeding practice followed by most cockers.Once in a great while they hit the jackpot, but 99% of the time they have to tear up the ticket and buy another one. From these examples you should recognize that there Is no sure fire formula for producing 100% winners. The most that we can hope to do is present a breeding system which on average will Improve your chances AT ruling above TTT level. 10 want extent you exceed sun bevel depends upon your personal qualifications of observation, selectivity and perseverance, remembering always that there are a hundred requirements for winning a cook fight, and a thousand ways to lose one.Breeding is only one of the many factors involved, but it is an important one, so lets see what we can do to improve our chances in that respect. Chapter 2 Things to Avoid I abhor the term PURE as applied to game fowl. In my 45 years experience I never found such to exist. Not genetically pure. You frequently hear reference to pure Hatch, or pure Keels, or pure Murphy. I knew intimately all three of these men during heir lifetimes yet never once did I ever hear one of them use the term pure when referring to his own or anyone else's fowl.They might say â€Å"this is what I call my number four yard, I've bred them together for several years along with their offspring, but they are coming small now and getting a bit fragile so I think next year I'll put another one of my socks in there to stiffen them up. † Or, â€Å"Walter sent me this cook which I've bred for a couple of years with good success. † But never † my pure No. 4 yard† or a â€Å"pure Keels cook. † They knew that such things did not exist, and never had existed, either on their yards or anyone else's.So many times people get a hen and a cook from a prominent breeder's yards and thereafter refer to them as p ure this, that or the other. That's crazy. The breeder himself, if he were honest, would not describe them in such terms. Just because both sides of the mating came from the same source does not make them pure. Far from it. Chances are that the prominent breeder has a dozen or more breeding yards on his place. Probably many of them are more or less related. Some may be inbred or lingered to a greater extent than the others. But it is a certainty that no two of them are the same, and not one of hem is pure.So how can the fowl you get from him be pure in the genetic sense and thereby be capable of transmitting characteristics with unfailing certainty? My great objection to the word pure is the harm it does to cockers who lean upon such erroneous term and rely upon those MIS-named fowl to transmit consistently the characteristics for which the family is noted. That's bad. Leads to all sorts of disappointments and loss of confidence. Breed Names Breed names are another one of my pet pee ves. People toss them around as if they were talking about some stable uniform substance like salt or sugar or soda.The truth is that such names so inaccurately describe the fowl being discussed as to be practically meaningless. A bird is referred to as being a pure Dad Glenn Whitehall, or a straight Albany, or an old-time Carney. The bird may be a good one, so far as that is concerned, but so far as his being what his name implied, it's dollars to doughnuts that the relationship does not exceed 10%. Here again the harm in using breed names is that it misleads others into thinking that they can procure the same good results as you have experienced simply by using a bird bearing the same breed name.The chances are that the two birds are not 5% related. For 32 years I was state distributor for Dodge automobiles. Upon countless occasions customers would come in and announce There's no need for you to give me a sales pitch, I know all about a Dodge. † So long as he was satisfied t here was no need to say witling, out ten truth was Tanat tender was not a nut, Dolt, Lemons, or engineering principle which was the same in this present Dodge as in the two or three he had owned previously. Only the name remained unchanged. The same situation exists in respect of breed names in game fowl.So, let's forget â€Å"breed names† and â€Å"purity† and examine the essential characteristics our brood fowl must possess, for such characteristics form a basis or foundation for this breeding system. Chapter 3 What to Look For Gameness Proper brood fowl must have many essential characteristics. Chief among them is that which commonly is called gameness. There has been so much written on this subject that I hate to mention it. All these three day tests, punishment tests, descriptive requirements have been worn threadbare. So I'll treat the subject here briefly and then drop it.If fowl do not measure up to my idea of gameness, I simply am not interested in them. Here it is: † An unquenchable determination to kill. † No matter what the conditions– ahead, behind, rattled, blinded, broken leg, no matter what. I want to see my brood cook ever and always trying to kill his opponent. All defensive fighting or â€Å"lying on his side, picking for an hour in a 120 degree sun† does not impress me at all. If he is not trying with all his heart every second to kill his opponent, regardless of all handicaps and circumstances, I Just am not interested. You can continue the discussion as long as you wish, but count me out.Proponents Let's start with the cook. Do you think with the acquisition of an ideal brood cook will be easy? Don't kid yourself. No matter how much money you spend, or how many high class events you attend, or how many top cockers you know, your chances of procuring an ideal brood cook on your first, second, or third attempt is very low. You could strike gold on your first claim, but the chances are that you will no t. But, don't give up. Persistence is one of the prime prerequisites of a successful breeder. In the first place the cook must be proponent. That is, he must be capable of passing along his own excellent qualities to his offspring.There is no way of determining whether or not a cook possesses this quality of proponents other than by trial and experience. No matter how marvelous a performer he is himself, if he does not pass along such qualities to his offspring he is of no value to you. I have seen countless instances, and probably you have too, where a fellow paid a big price for an outstanding performing cook only to have him produce nothing of merit. But because the fellow paid a big price for him he stuck with him year after year, and in the end it cost him many times the original price through using the worthless offspring.So be ever on the alert for this quality of proponents. A cook either has it or he hasn't. But if he does not have it, heave him right now. You can't change the situation, and you will only waste many years and much money by sticking by him, regardless of his source or price. The probabilities, and note that I say probabilities, for there is no certainty about it, are that a cook is more apt to be proponent if he is somewhat lingered or inbred rather tan Delving ten product AT a TLS cross. You wall nave to determine tens Trot ten man who bred him.Also you should ascertain if such cock's brothers, father, uncles on tot sides, etc. , If they did, your chances are improved. But if you find wide variations, where this fellow is merely an outstanding performer in a widely variable and commonplace family, you had better stop right there, for the probability of this guy reproducing himself is dim. Health Health. Robust, vigorous, teeming health. Big appetite. Easy mould. Ever aggressive. â€Å"Spring Busting Out All Over† type of health. It's one of the most important characteristics your brood cook can possess.Without it you are not go ing to be able to go very far in the breeding line before you break down. Peter Horrors use to pay more attention to a fowl's health record and that of his ancestors, and the conditions under which they where raised, than he did any other characteristic when selecting his brood stock. So give this feature great weight when selecting your own brood fowl. If you start out with some spindly, weak, thin feathered inbred â€Å"pure† cook of such and such a â€Å"breed name† you are not going to get very far. And the longer you stick with him the more time and money you are going to waste.Power More or less the same importance attaches to the feature of power. You can improve his quality by breeding to big strong brood hens, but each time you do it you are breeding away from the brood cook, thereby reducing his influence upon the line. Remember, what we are talking about now is the selection of a brood cook whose characteristics you wish to perpetuate. Accordingly, you shoul d start out with power as a prime prerequisite. It is a top requirement for a successful pit cook, so don't handicap yourself from the outset by selecting a brood cook which is deficient in this repeat.Cutting High on the list of priorities for a brood cook is that of cutting. If a cook does not have his quality I simply will not use him in the brood yard no matter how many other desirable qualifications he may possess. He may be healthy, game, strong as a bull, but if he is not a superior cutter I am not interested in using him in the brood yard. Butting is largely a matter of heel pinpointing a manner of striking. It is astonishing how many socks strike on the curve of the blade, or with their hocks or the bottom of their feet. Likewise, many socks never complete their stroke.They don't follow through. In baseball parlance they bunt, instead of swing. Their wings may make a great Mack which gives the erroneous impression of delivering a mighty blow, but their heels are bunting ins tead of swinging. Many times you will here someone say † now he is getting tired he will begin to cut. † And he does. But I always felt that such cutting was more the result of the adversary standing still or being immobile than it was of the first cook cutting better. In other words, he could hit a sitting duck but not one on the fly. I am not impressed by that sort of cutting.Any shooter can hit a tin can setting on a Thence post. I want ten Klan Tanat can â€Å"molten on ten TTYL. † It I for the eye to follow the movements of a cock's heels. At leas it is for me. But almost anyone can see the results of a blow. After each buckle or exchange of blows if you see that one cook appears to have shrunk about a pound, you can be sure that the opposing cook has done some effective cutting. â€Å"Look where he hits. † This is an obsession with me. If a cook does not look were he is hitting and strikes nothing, I want no part of him.So many socks have good leg act ion and strike properly but don't look were they are striking. They fan the air in all directions but hit nothing, wear themselves out and do no damage. On the other hand certain socks â€Å"draw a dead,† as gunners say, with every shot. If you are in the pit with him, or close by, you can see his eyes focus upon a certain portion his opponent's anatomy-head, breast, back- and strike within a quarter inch of where he is looking. It does not take many blows so directed to bring an opponent down. One such crack is more effective than a hundred wild failings in the air.Years ago old M. J. Bowen sent me a stag which had won seven times in short heels in his first season and was up for his eighth fight. I told M. J. To â€Å"cut it out† and send him to me, which he did. When the stag arrived I was gusted with him, long flat body, narrow shoulders, built Just like a duck. Nothing prepossessing about him. But when I sparred him I could see those beady eyes concentrate on a de finite spot every stroke he hit with marksmanship accuracy, and in no time at all he had my prize brood cook on the ropes. He taught me a lesson I have never forgotten.Weaknesses Rare is the cook which does not have a weakness of some sort. He may have a host of grand qualities, but if he has even one pronounced weakness his opponent is almost sure to find it and take advantage of it. The weakness could be any one of many: low- datedness, ducking,etc. You can breed out this weakness in time,but while doing so you are breeding out his good qualities as well. The result is that his influence in the line becomes lost entirely and you might Just as welling have started with him in the first place. You can't breed out the faults and remain the virtues.When one goes they all go. So in selecting your brood cook make sure he has no prominent weakness which you must get rid of. Chapter 4 Fighting Characteristics No two pope agree on how a cook should fight. Even after a fight is over they se ldom agree as to what enabled the one to win and caused the other to lose. One man is impressed by certain characteristics the other man by different ones entirely. The type of heel used causes further differences if opinion. Undoubtedly all of us are influenced by our early teachings. Subconsciously we remember what Uncle Ben or Old Man Smith told us years ago.Their teachings could be right or might well be wrong. I've seen men who've been fighting chickens for 60 years who were the poorest Judges of a cock's fighting form of anyone at pit side. Many times a man's wife sees more, is more realistic and factual, and is a far better Judge than the cocker himself. The latter is handicapped by prejudices and early teachings. The wife is not. She sees things as they are. Accordingly, it is vitally important for the cocker-breeder to develop a correct standard of fighting counterblasts AT Nils own. I T en does not ay tens – Tree Trot prejudice or sentiment- he is not going to get f ar.We have already discussed the important fighting characteristics of gameness, cutting, power, deliberate accurate striking, ability to remain punch, balance and the absence of any pronounced fighting weakness or fault. There are numerous features to be considered and evaluated. I call them my â€Å"check sit. † Before every mating season I go over them as they apply to each individual in the brood pens. They serve as reminders, for it is so easy to forget or overlook important requirements. 1 . Quickness. I emphasize quickness as opposed to reckless and purposeless speed.Quickness takes a variety of forms: (a) Quick to take advantage of an opening or opportunity. (b) Quick to beat opponent to the punch and keep him off balance. (c) Quick to get a second lick in the same buckle. What boxers term the 1-2 punch Many times it is this second lick, delivered when the opponent is off balance or motionless, which does he damage. (d) Quick to kick instantly on both his own and his opponent's bill hold. This is both an offensive and defensive move. All long heel men are acutely aware of the importance of this characteristic, since a single failure could bring disaster. E) Quickness is largely a matter of reflexes which can be sharpened by conditioning, but it is also inherited, so be mindful of is existence. 2. Fight High. It is an advantage of a cook to fight over on top of his adversary rather than being underneath him at all times. This refers not merely to the opening break but throughout the battle. Some socks naturally fight high, others tend to fight low. The style is largely inherited, so watch out for it when selecting your brood cook. 3. Reaching Out. Some socks reach out in front of them with their blows much farther than others. Hose are usually the ones which are â€Å"in† first. At present I am breeding a cook, in preference to one of his many brothers, solely because he reaches out so far with his blows. I first noticed this while catchin g him when he was still ugly and wild. Overtime I attempted to grab him he hit me not on my hand but on my elbow. He really reached out every shot. He did the same thing in his battle. Dropped his man the first shot. One time I was fighting a main against Tom Murphy who was the finest judge of a cock's fighting style I ever knew.After the main (which I won 5-4) he said to me, â€Å"l thought that second cook you fought was the best bird of the day. † I felt complimented but at that time was in the prejudiced â€Å"beauty† stage and replied,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ rather preferred my fourth cook. † He cast a withering eye at me such as a school teacher might use upon a second grader, and said,† You did! Well I didn't That second cook of yours broke high, head back, feet way out front. That's the kind that an kill you with one lick and that's Just what happened. † It occurred years ago, but it was a lesson I never forgot. I hope to pass it along to you.It's what I mean when I said â€Å"you must develop a standard of fighting characteristics of your own, free from prejudice and sentiment. † 4. Finishing. Some socks tend to loaf once they get in front. That's bad. It gives the opponent a chance to recuperate and to even up the battle with an effective blow of Nils own. Once a cook gets out Toronto en snouts Tallow up to Nils advantage. Nils Is t e time for him to show his killer instinct and put his opponent away then and there. One well known cocker put it this way,†Any cook which knocks his opponent down then lets him get away is no cook at all. That is the time for the top cook to become doubly bitter and revengeful. If he doesn't, well, you heard what the man said. 5. High Head Years ago low-headiness was a common fault among shorten socks of the northeast. The advent of fast heels and greater acquaintanceship with long heel fighting was pretty well eradicated that defect though you still see occasional evidence of its exis tence. It is a serious fault. Avoid it. 6. Fight. Tom Foley who ran the famous pit at 7 SST. Marry Eave. , Troy, N,Y. Use to wrap up all these qualifications by using a single word. â€Å"Dimmit all,† he would say,† they can FIGHT. By that he meant that the cook was pushing the battle all the way, aggressive at all times, lashing out with straight line shots, landing in perfect balance, ready instantly to shoot again, cutting every fly, â€Å"sharpshooters† he used to call them, constantly moving about , never allowing himself to be a standing target. â€Å"l want to see him be doing something all the time,† he used to say,† I don't care what it is, but I want to see him be doing something and not Just standing around waiting to get killed. Tom didn't give one whoop for pedigrees, breed names, color, conformation, or anything else. He wasn't even too fussy about gameness.He wanted a cook that could FIGHT. 7. See For Yourself. Before concluding this c hapter on Fighting Characteristics, let's go back to the initial statement which said,†No two people seem to agree as to how a cook should fight. † You are the breeder. You are the open who must make the initial selection of brood stock and likewise all the subsequent selections which equally careful discrimination. How skillfully you do this depends upon your own personal observations and judgment. But one thing is certain: you must absolutely see the fowl fight yourself. You can,t depend upon others. No two of them will see the bird or the fight the same way.If you accept the Judgment of everyone, Dick, and Harry you will end up with a Hodge-podgy which can't lick anything. You, yourself must be consistent and persevering in what you are trying to accomplish in the brood yard. In order for you to do this you must absolutely see the individuals perform yourself and pass judgment on their qualifications for fitting into your line. Time after time I have visited a breeder who pointed with pride to a certain cook and said,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ am setting side this cook to breed then he would go on and on as to the marvelous qualities the cook has exhibited the battle as described by the trainer or handler.The breeder has not seen the fight. I had. I would not have accepted the cook as a gift; for breeding, fighting, or anything else. Wouldn't have him on the place. Yet the breeder, accepting someone else's word, was going to breed him! The breeder did not know that I had seen the fight, nor did I tell him. Why start an argument and lose friends? But it does show the absolute necessity for you yourself to see the cook in action and appraise his qualities according to your own standards. Deliberate Striking This is closely related to â€Å"Look where he hits. How many times have you been miles out In Toronto, to 20, Ana all Tanat when, Dang! Ana well -Loretta alternate snot NAS dropped you cold? This was no accident, it happens all the time. It shows the val ue of deliberate striking. Pay attention to it when selecting your brood cook. Holding His Punch In all probability you have seen a great big fine looking cook, shoulders on him like an All American tackle, legs as big as a turkey, strong enough to pull a plough, yet at the ND of a few fittings could not lift his legs two inches from the ground, let alone cut or strike anything. No condition† some peptides comments. That's not it at all. Chances are that his inferior looking opponent who is whaling the daylights out of him is not in nearly as good physical shape. The difference between the two is a matter of back muscles. The homely looking bird has them. The big fine looking cook which is built like Apollo does not. The latter may well be able to pull a plough, but if he does not have well developed back muscles he is not going to kick very long. Which reminds me of the All Pro football player who went to a dude ranch.At the end of a four hour horseback ride the little scrawn y wrangler hopped off as spry as could be. The football player Just sat there. He was so sore and tired that he could not dismount, and would have been unable to stand if he had. The difference between the two men was that the alternating had saddle muscles and the football player did not. He was helpless even though he could have squashed the wrangler with one hand. This matter of back muscles seems to be a hereditary trait. You can't develop them a great deal through exercise or feeding. A cook either has them or he doesn't.You may be able to improve the deficiency by breeding the cook to hens which are well endowed in this respect, but it is much better to start off with a cook which does not have such a deficiency. The only sure way to determine this important characteristic is to see him or his brothers in action. The trait seems to run in families. If one brother is good or bad in such respect, the other brothers are apt to be the same. Where this appears to be a hereditary tr ait it is especially important for you to be sure that your brood cook is well developed in this respect. Balance Proper balance is another characteristic of great importance.It, too, is hereditary. A cook must be a great cutter and all that even though ill balanced, but he could do the job a lot easier if he were balanced properly. Besides, his sons very probably would inherit the bad balance without the old man's skill in cutting. Proper balance's difficult to describe in words. It has to do with the position of the bird's legs with respect to his body, the shape of the body and it's weight distribution, and a lot of other things. A duck's legs are set on ideally for swimming, but not for walking or striking. That gives you an exaggerated example.You look at enough game socks long enough with this thought in mind and pretty soon you'll be able to see which ones are well balanced and which ones are not. Some families are far better balanced than others. A poorly balanced bird is ap t to fall on his tail or his nose after delivering a blow, or land in a heap which is worse. He is a sitting duck for a well- balanced bird. On the other hand a properly balanced bird will deliver his blow, land in perfect balance ready instantly to strike again or avoid his opponent's blow. One of ten greatest Dressers I ever Knew placed great store on tens Pensacola centralists.He call it â€Å"balance† and was ever and always referring to it. We use to poke fun at him by saying â€Å"balance† when he was not around, but he impressed the importance of this feature upon me, and I hope I can do the same for you. The only way you can procure â€Å"balance† is to breed for it. You can't change it by feed or exercise. A bird either has it or doesn't have it from day one for as long as he lives. So start out by seeing that your brood cook is properly balanced, for a deficiency in this respect is difficult to breed out of a family, Just as it is difficult to breed ou t low headiness or ducking. Size I don't like to breed from a big cook.About 5-4 for a cook in fighting trim or 4-14 for a stag is as large as I care to go. This matter of size is different for hens, bought we will go into that later. I want the cook to be full of action, cutting ability, and all the other pit qualities to be described later. But size is not a primary factor provided he is solidly built. As an example, right now I am breeding a cook which fought at 4-4 as a stag. He was full of action and cut. But I would not think of breeding his sister who was proportionally as small for a female. Youth vs. Age Especially in the brood yard. I am a great believer in youth.You hear about the â€Å"grand old hen† and the â€Å"great $10,000 cook,† but most of the time your best performers will come from young stock. Some people term it in the percentage. I have the utmost respect for proven old producers, but most of the time age is a handicap. Certain mating of cook an d hen will turn out phenomenal offspring. But even in this case I would rather have the produce of their early years than after they were â€Å"getting along. † I have had a few such mating myself which I kept together for several years. Probably longer than I should. But in every case the quality of their offspring dropped noticeably with each passing year.In my opinion more good families have been â€Å"lost' through endeavoring to perpetuate them through the use of old parents than from any other reason. Accordingly, if you are fortunate enough to locate a truly superior combination, plan to carry them on through the use of vigorous offspring of their earlier years rather than â€Å"breeding back† to the original individuals after they have gone by. This is particularly true of the hen. She may look and act like a pullet, but her reproductive apparatus has deteriorated, even though you can't see it. For some reason or another the cook seems to last longer so far as reproductive qualities are concerned.Many times he turns out good ones as long as he remains vigorous and fertile. But such is not the case with the hen. My grand mentor,old Balance, absolutely refused to breed a hen after her fourth year. This theory or practice will offend many old timers, and they can hurl a barrage of evidence at me. But you can believe them or believe me. This has been my experience. Many times in the past I have tried to â€Å"revive† famous old families by breeding to the Queen Bee of the dynasty. The grand old hen who was now a eager. One time Lenin Law sent me such a hen.Many of her sons had won at Orlando which at that time conducted the premier cocking event in America. I could scarcely believe my good fortune. Bred her the finest young cook that I owned. What GE A Duncan AT weaklings! I guess Law Knew want en was long when en gave her to me. Hopefully in time you will have occasion to do a certain amount of inbreeding or line breeding. I endeavor to avoid intensive consanguineous mating as far as possible, but in time it catches up with you. Under such circumstances carry on with the best specimens of your young stock in the family. The younger the better. Don't â€Å"go back† to your old worn out originals.This is contrary to general practice, but it is definitely my recommendation. Chapter 5 Physical Characteristics Many writings on breeding game socks begin, and end, with a description of the physical characteristics a good brood cook should possess. These writers consider such requirements of primary importance. In their opinion they rank first. With me they rank last. Championship performers in all sports come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. With me it is only the performance which counts. Physical heartsickness are important only insofar as they enable the individual to perform more easily and effectively.We are not breeding fowl for beauty contests or to win a ribbon at the County fair, we are breed ing them to win in the pit. There are certain physical characteristics, however, which enable a cook to perform more easily and effectively. They are no guarantee that the cook will do the Job, but only that he is not handicapped physically in such effort. We will discuss them here briefly in order that you may be on the lookout for them. Body Personally I prefer a well-rounded body, where the keel bone is relatively short from rent to back, and also short from top to bottom.Such confirmation usually makes for good balance, the value of which has been discussed previously. I don't go for these excessively broad shouldered heavy breasted type with all the weight out front. The â€Å"flat iron† type. Such confirmation is a handicap to a cock's ability to cut. He is apt to straddle with his blows, since he can't â€Å"close in† with his shots due to that heavy breast getting in his way. Rather, I prefer for him to be built like a football-more or less pointed at both ends . Station I like for a cook to be above average station, but not excessively so.The length should be in the thigh bone, not in the shank or scaly part. Length in the thigh enables him to â€Å"reach out† farther. Likewise a pronounced bend at the hock Joint is essential. Somehow or another it seems to help in the cutting department. I never saw a cook whose legs were straight up and down like a stork's which could cut much. If a cook is somewhat knock-kneed that is alright too. It's not pretty to look at, but nearly every knock-kneed cook is a cutter. Some people are real fussy about having a cock's heels set down close to his feet. Probably that is O. K. But I never paid much attention to it.Other things were more important. One thing which is essential is for his legs to be set on him properly so that he is in perfect balance. This usually means that his legs are set pretty well forward. One good Judge expressed the same thing in reverse by saying, â€Å"l like to see plen ty of body behind his legs. † The old guy got me to start looking at a cook in the same way. Actually it is easier to see the amount of body behind the body than it is to see if the hip Joint is set well to the front. At least it is for me. Another thing which you might look for is the way he walks. If he puts one foot